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Carter Family A.P., Maybelle and Sara Carter (L-R) Background information Origin Maces Spring, Virginia Genres Traditional American folk music Years active 1927–1956 Associated acts Johnny Cash Past members A. P. Carter Sara Carter Maybelle Carter Helen Carter Anita Carter June Carter Cash Janette Carter Joe Carter Carlene Carter The Carter Family was a traditional American folk music group that recorded between 1927 and 1956. Their music had a profound impact on bluegrass, country, southern gospel, pop and rock musicians as well as on the U.S. folk revival of the 1960s. They were the first vocal group to become country music stars. Their recordings of such songs as "Wabash Cannonball", "Will the Circle Be Unbroken", "Wildwood Flower" and "Keep On the Sunny Side" made them country standards.[1] The original group consisted of Alvin Pleasant "A.P." Delaney Carter (1891–1960), his wife Sara Dougherty Carter (1898–1979), and his sister-in-law Maybelle Addington Carter (1909–1978). Maybelle was married to A.P.'s brother Ezra (Eck) Carter and was also Sara's first cousin. All three were born and raised in southwestern Virginia, where they were immersed in the tight harmonies of mountain gospel music and shape note singing. Maybelle's distinctive guitar playing style became a hallmark of the group. Contents 1 History 2 Second generation 3 Extended family 4 Legacy and musical style 5 Discography 5.1 Albums 5.2 Rounder compilations 5.3 Singles 5.4 Guest singles 6 Notes 7 References 8 External links // History The Carter Family made their first recordings on August 2, 1927.[2] A.P. had convinced Sara and Maybelle the day before to make the journey from Maces Spring, Virginia, to Bristol, Tennessee, to audition for record producer Ralph Peer, who was seeking new talents for the relatively embryonic recording industry. They received $50 for each song they recorded. In the fall of 1927, the Victor recording company released a double-sided 78 rpm record of the group performing "Wandering Boy" and "Poor Orphan Child". In 1928, another record was released with "The Storms Are on the Ocean" and "Single Girl, Married Girl". This record became very popular. On May 27, 1928, Peer had the group travel to Camden, New Jersey, where they recorded many of what would become their signature songs, including: "Meet me by the Moonlight Alone"; "Keep on the Sunny Side"; "Can the Circle be Unbroken"; "Little Darling, Pal of Mine"; "Forsaken Love"; "Anchored in Love"; "I Ain't Goin' to Work Tomorrow"; "Will You Miss Me when I'm Gone"; "Wildwood Flower"; "River of Jordan"; "Chewing Gum"; and "John Hardy Was a Desperate Little Man". The group did not receive any money for this effort and left with a contract that assured a small royalty for sales of their records and sheet music. "Wildwood Flower" in both vocal and instrumental forms has endured as a signature tune for traditional country and bluegrass artists. During a February 1929 session they recorded: "I'm Thinking Tonight of My Blue Eyes"; "My Clinch Mountain Home"; "Sweet Fern"; "Grave on the Green Hillside"; "Little Moses"; "Don't Forget This Song"; and "Engine 143". By the end of 1930 they had sold 300,000 records in the U.S. Realizing that he would benefit financially with each new song he collected and copyrighted, A.P. traveled around the southwestern Virginia area in search of new songs. In the early 1930s, he befriended Lesley "Esley" Riddle, a black guitar player from Kingsport, Tennessee. Esley accompanied A.P. on his song-collecting trips. In June 1931, the Carters did a recording session in Louisville, Kentucky along with Jimmie Rodgers. In 1933, Maybelle met the Cook Family Singers at the World's Fair in Chicago and fell in love with their signature sound. She asked them to tour with the Carter Family. Second generation In the winter of 1938–39, the Carter Family traveled to Texas, where they had a twice-daily program on the border radio station XERA (later XERF) in Villa Acuña (now Ciudad Acuña, Mexico, across the border from Del Rio, Texas. In the 1939–40 season, June Carter (middle daughter of Ezra Carter and Maybelle Carter) joined the group, which was now in San Antonio, Texas, where the programs were prerecorded and distributed to multiple border radio stations. In the fall of 1942, the Carters moved their program to WBT radio in Charlotte, North Carolina, for a one-year contract. They occupied the sunrise slot, with the program airing between 5:15 and 6:15 a.m. By 1936, A.P. and Sara's marriage had dissolved. Sara married A.P.'s cousin, moved to California, and the group disbanded. Maybelle continued to perform with her daughters, Anita, June, and Helen, as "Mother Maybelle and the Carter Sisters" into the 1970s. Chet Atkins joined them playing electric guitar in 1949 until leaving in 1950.[3] A.P., Sara, and their children Joe and Janette recorded some material in the 1950s. Maybelle and Sara briefly reunited, recorded a reunion album, and toured in the 1960s during the height of folk music's popularity.[4] In 1987, reunited sisters June Carter Cash and Helen and Anita Carter, along with June's daughter Carlene Carter, appeared as the Carter Family and were featured on a 1987 television episode of Austin City Limits along with Johnny Cash.[5] Revivalist folksingers during the 1960s performed much of the material the Carters had collected or written. For example, on her early Vanguard albums, folk performer Joan Baez sang "Wildwood Flower", "Little Moses", "Engine 143", "Little Darling, Pal of Mine", and "Gospel Ship". The Carter Family Song "Wayworn Traveller" was covered by a young Bob Dylan, who wrote his own words to the melody and named it "Paths Of Victory"; this recording is featured on Bootleg Series Vol. 1-3. After writing that song, he wrote new words to the melody and changed the time signature to 3/4, thus creating one of his most famous songs, "The Times They Are a-Changin'".[6] Extended family This family tree shows the extended Carter family through several generations.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 William Sevier Dougherty   Nancy Elizabeth Kilgore   Robert C. Carter   Mollie Arvell Bays   Margaret S. Kilgore   Hugh Jackson Addington                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Sara Carter   A. P. Carter           Ezra J. Carter   Maybelle Carter                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Gladys Carter   Janette Carter   Joe Carter     Helen Carter         Anita Carter                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Vivian Liberto   Johnny Cash   June Carter Cash                 Carl Smith                                                                                                                                                                             Edwin "Rip" Nix                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Rosanne Cash   Kathleen Cash   Cindy Cash   Tara Cash   John Carter Cash     Rosie Nix Adams       Carlene Carter               Nick Lowe                                                                                                                                                               Joseph Breen                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Legacy and musical style As important to country music as the family's repertoire of songs was Maybelle's guitar playing. She developed her innovative guitar technique largely in isolation; her style is today widely known as the "Carter scratch" or "Carter style" of picking (see Carter Family picking). While Maybelle did use a flatpick on occasion, her major method of guitar playing was the use of her thumb (with a thumbpick) along with one or two fingers. What her guitar style accomplished was to allow her to play melody lines (on the low strings of the guitar) while still maintaining rhythm using her fingers, brushing across the higher strings. Before the Carter family's recordings, the guitar was rarely used as a lead or solo instrument among white musicians. Maybelle's interweaving of a melodic line on the bass strings with intermittent strums is now a staple of steel string guitar technique. Flatpickers such as Doc Watson, Clarence White and Norman Blake took flatpicking to a higher technical level, but all acknowledge Maybelle's playing as their inspiration. It has been noted by that 'by the end of the twenties, Maybelle Carter scratch ... was the most widely imitated guitar style in music. Nobody did as much to popularize the guitar, because from the beginning, her playing was distinctive as any voice.'" —quoted in The Bristol Sessions: Writings About the Big Bang of Country Music (2005)[7] The Carters were elected to the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1970 and were given the nickname "The First Family of Country Music".[8] In 1988, the Carter Family was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame and received its Award for the song "Will the Circle Be Unbroken". In 1993, the U.S. Postal Service issued a commemorative postage stamp honoring A.P., Sara, and Maybelle. In 2001, the group was inducted into the International Bluegrass Music Hall of Honor. In 2005, the group received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. Discography Albums Year Album US Country Label 1972 Travelin' Minstrel Band 44 Columbia 1973 Mother Maybelle Carter 44 1976 Country's First Family 49 Rounder compilations Year Album Label 1993 Anchored in Love: Their Complete Victor Recordings (1927–1928) Rounder 1993 My Clinch Mountain Home: Their Complete Victor Recordings (1928–1929) 1995 When the Roses Bloom in Dixieland: Their Complete Victor Recordings (1929–1930) 1995 Worried Man Blues: Their Complete Victor Recordings (1930) 1996 Sunshine in the Shadows: Their Complete Victor Recordings (1931–1932) 1997 Give Me the Roses While I Live: Their Complete Victor Recordings (1932–1933) 1998 Gold Watch and Chain: Their Complete Victor Recordings (1933–1934) 1998 Longing for Old Virginia: Their Complete Victor Recordings (1934) 1998 Last Sessions: Their Complete Victor Recordings (1934–1941) Singles Year Single Chart Positions Album US Country CAN Country 1928 "Bury Me Under the Weeping Willow" — — singles only "Wildwood Flower" — — 1929 "I'm Thinking Tonight of My Blue Eyes" — — 1935 "Can the Circle Be Unbroken (By and By)" — — 1971 "A Song to Mama" (with Johnny Cash) 37 42 Travelin' Minstrel Band 1972 "Travelin' Minstrel Band" 42 — "The World Needs a Melody" (with Johnny Cash) 35 55 1973 "Praise the Lord and Pass the Soup" (with Johnny Cash & The Oak Ridge Boys) 57 65 singles only "Pick the Wildwood Flower" (with Johnny Cash) 34 — Guest singles Year Single Artist US Country Album 1963 "Busted" Johnny Cash 13 Blood, Sweat and Tears Notes ^ Heatley, Michael (2007). The Definitive Illustrated Encyclopedia of Rock. London, United Kingdom: Star Fire. ISBN 978 1 84451 996 5.  ^ Interview with Maybelle Carter on Wildflower Pickin, Vanguard compact disc. ^ Atkins, Chet and Neely, Bill. (1974). "Country Gentleman". Chicago. Harry Regnery Company. ISBN 0-8092-9051-0. ^ Maybelle and Sara Carter in concert ^ Johnny Cash with The Carter Family, Austin City Limits, 1987 ^ Goodman, Elizabeth. "In Which We All Want To Be Bob Dylan". January 4, 2007. http://www.rollingstone.com. ^ Charles K. Wolfe, Ted Olson (2005). The Bristol Sessions: Writings About the Big Bang of Country Music, p.74. ISBN 0786419458. ^ Wolfe, Charles. "Carter Family". Country Music Hall of Fame & Museum. http://www.countrymusichalloffame.org/full-list-of-inductees/view/carter-family. Retrieved February 17, 2010.  References Among my klediments, June Carter Cash, Grand Rapids, MI, Zondervan, 1979. ISBN 0-310-38170-3 In the Country of Country: A Journey to the Roots of American Music, Nicholas Dawidoff, Vintage Books, 1998. ISBN 0-375-70082-X Will you miss me when I'm gone?: the Carter Family and their legacy in American music, Mark Zwonitzer with Charles Hirshberg, New York, Simon & Schuster, 2002 External links This article's use of external links may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines. Please improve this article by removing excessive and inappropriate external links. (August 2010) Country Music's First Family Songs of the Carter Family The Carter Family Memorial Music Center, Inc. Complete song texts of the original Carter Family 1927-1941 Native Ground Music article Carter Family Fold, Hiltons, Virginia The Carter Family at Rolling Stone Friends of the Carter Family Fold The Carter Fold Legacy The Carter Family Discography Awards Preceded by Gram Parsons AMA Presidents Award 2004 Succeeded by John Hartford v • d • e Johnny Cash Studio albums With His Hot and Blue Guitar · Sings the Songs That Made Him Famous · The Fabulous Johnny Cash · Greatest! · Sings Hank Williams · Now, There Was a Song! · Now Here's Johnny Cash · The Sound of Johnny Cash · All Aboard the Blue Train · Ring of Fire: The Best of Johnny Cash · I Walk the Line · Orange Blossom Special · Everybody Loves a Nut · Happiness is You · Old Golden Throat · More of Old Golden Throat · Hello, I'm Johnny Cash · Man in Black · A Thing Called Love · Any Old Wind That Blows · Ragged Old Flag · Junkie and the Juicehead Minus Me · John R. Cash · Look at Them Beans · One Piece at a Time · The Last Gunfighter Ballad · I Would Like to See You Again · Gone Girl · Silver · Rockabilly Blues · The Baron · The Adventures of Johnny Cash · Johnny 99 · Rainbow · Johnny Cash is Coming to Town · Classic Cash: Hall of Fame Series · Water from the Wells of Home · Boom Chicka Boom · The Mystery of Life · American Recordings · The Road Goes on Forever · Unchained · American III: Solitary Man · American IV: The Man Comes Around · American V: A Hundred Highways · American VI: Ain't No Grave Concept albums Songs of Our Soil · Ride This Train · The Lure of the Grand Canyon · Blood, Sweat and Tears · Bitter Tears: Ballads of the American Indian · Sings the Ballads of the True West · From Sea to Shining Sea · America: A 200-Year Salute in Story and Song · The Johnny Cash Children's Album · The Rambler Gospel albums Hymns by Johnny Cash · Hymns from the Heart · The Holy Land · Sings Precious Memories · A Believer Sings the Truth · Believe in Him · My Mother's Hymn Book Holiday albums The Christmas Spirit · The Johnny Cash Family Christmas · Classic Christmas · Collaborations Carryin' On with Johnny Cash and June Carter · Johnny Cash and His Woman · The Legend of Jesse James · The Survivors Live · Highwayman · Heroes · Class of '55 · Highwayman 2 · The Road Goes on Forever · VH1 Storytellers Live albums At Folsom Prison · At San Quentin · The Johnny Cash Show · På Österåker · Strawberry Cake · At Madison Square Garden · A Concert Behind Prison Walls Soundtrack albums I Walk the Line · Little Fauss and Big Halsy · The Gospel Road · Return to the Promised Land Compilation albums Greatest Hits, Vol. 1 · Heart of Cash · The World of Johnny Cash · Greatest Hits, Vol. 2 · Sunday Morning Coming Down · International Superstar · Five Feet High and Rising · Greatest Hits, Vol. 3 · The Unissued Johnny Cash · Johnny & June · Tall Man · Encore · Biggest Hits · Wanted Man · 16 Biggest Hits · Love, God and Murder · The Essential Johnny Cash · Unearthed · The Legend · The Legend of Johnny Cash · 16 Biggest Hits: Johnny Cash & June Carter Cash · Personal File · The Legend of Johnny Cash Vol. II Songs "25 Minutes to Go" · "A Boy Named Sue" · "Ballad of a Teenage Queen" "Cat's in the Cradle" · "Cocaine Blues" · "Cry! Cry! Cry!" · "Dark as a Dungeon" · "Engine 143" · "Folsom Prison Blues" · "Get Rhythm" · "Goodnight, Irene" · "Green, Green Grass of Home" · "Greystone Chapel" · "Hey Porter" · "Home of the Blues" · "Hurt" · "I Still Miss Someone" · "I Walk the Line" · "In My Life" · "It Ain't Me Babe" · "Jackson" · "The Man Comes Around" · "One Piece at a Time" · "The One on the Right Is on the Left" · "Remember the Alamo" · "(Ghost) Riders in the Sky" · "Ring of Fire" · "Tennessee Flat Top Box" · "What'd I Say" Family June Carter Cash · John Carter Cash · Rosanne Cash · Carlene Carter · Vivian Liberto · Tommy Cash · Carter Family Related articles Discography · Sun Records discography · Highwaymen · Walk the Line