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The World Professional Figure Skating Championships, often referred to as Landover,[1] was an elite made-for-TV figure skating competition. It was created by Dick Button, a 2-time Olympic gold medalist, through his production company Candid Productions. It usually took place in December. For most of its existence, it was an unsanctioned professional event, meaning that skaters who participated lost their eligibility to compete in the Winter Olympic Games and other "amateur" skating events controlled by the International Skating Union. Contents 1 History 2 Professional champions 3 Jaca competition 4 References 5 External links History The first professional championship was held in 1973 in Landover, Maryland. Skaters competed in three disciplines: men's singles, ladies' singles, and pair skating. However the competition was not held again until 1980. It was held again from 1980 to 1982 as a two-team competition. In 1983 individual competition once again resumed alongside continued team competition. 1983 also marked the first year in which ice dancing was contested. Team competition was discontinued in 1986. The last professional championship was held in 2000. The professional championships were held in Landover, Maryland every year until 1997, when it moved to the MCI Center in Washington, D.C. Beginning in 1990, the championship started taking the name of its sponsor. Thus the 1990 competition was called the "NutraSweet World Professional Championships". Other sponsors have included Durasoft Colors, Equal, Metabolife, and Hallmark. In 1998, the competition was sanctioned by the International Skating Union (ISU) as an "international open" or pro-am event. Because the ISU restricts the use of the title "Championships" to refer to ISU Championship events, that year the event was formally known simply as the "Equal Sweetener World Pro".[2] In 1999, Button's Candid Productions was acquired by SFX, which was in turn acquired by Clear Channel Communications a year later. At the same time, public interest in professional skating competitions was declining, more elite skaters were choosing to retain their competition eligibility by participating only in sanctioned events, and networks were shifting towards a time-buy model which made skating events less lucrative for producers. All of these factors contributed to the competition's demise after the 2000 event. In 2001, a successor pro competition produced by IMG under the name "Hallmark Skater's Championship" was held on the usual December date at the MCI Center. In 2002 the IMG-produced event was held again under that name, this time in Columbus, Ohio, as a sanctioned pro-am competition. This competition is also no longer being held. Professional champions Year Team Ladies' singles Men's singles Pair skating Ice dancing 1973 — Janet Lynn Ronnie Robertson Belousova & Protopopov — 1980 See [3] — — — — 1981 "All Stars" [4] — — — — 1982 "Pro Stars" [5] — — — — 1983 See [6] Janet Lynn Charles Tickner Belousova & Protopopov Wighton & Dowding 1984 See [7] Dorothy Hamill Scott Hamilton Underhill & Martini Torvill & Dean 1985 See [8] Dorothy Hamill Robin Cousins Babilonia and Gardner Torvill & Dean 1986 — Dorothy Hamill Scott Hamilton Underhill & Martini Fox & Dalley 1987 — Dorothy Hamill Robin Cousins Underhill & Martini Fox & Dalley 1988 — Debi Thomas Brian Boitano Underhill & Martini Blumberg & Seibert 1989 — Debi Thomas Brian Boitano Underhill & Martini Wilson & McCall 1990 — Denise Biellmann Brian Boitano Underhill & Martini Torvill & Dean 1991 — Debi Thomas Brian Boitano Gordeeva & Grinkov Bestemianova & Bukin 1992 — Kristi Yamaguchi Brian Boitano Gordeeva & Grinkov Annenko & Sretenski 1993 — Midori Ito Paul Wylie Underhill & Martini Annenko & Sretenski 1994 — Kristi Yamaguchi Brian Boitano Gordeeva & Grinkov Usova & Zhulin 1995 — Yuka Sato Kurt Browning Kovarikova & Novotny Torvill & Dean 1996 — Kristi Yamaguchi Kurt Browning Bechke & Petrov Torvill & Dean 1997 — Kristi Yamaguchi Kurt Browning Kovarikova & Novotny Roca & Sur 1998 — Michelle Kwan Alexei Yagudin Kazakova & Dmitriev Usova & Platov 1999 — Tara Lipinski Alexei Urmanov Leonova & Khvalko Punsalan & Swallow 2000 — Yuka Sato Philippe Candeloro Leonova & Khvalko Punsalan & Swallow 2001 — Yuka Sato Ilia Kulik Kazakova & Dmitriev Krylova & Ovsyannikov 2002 — Yuka Sato Alexei Yagudin Salé & Pelletier Anissina & Peizerat Jaca competition Confusingly, another professional skating competition held for many years in Jaca, Spain was also known the "World Professional Figure Skating Championships"; its official name in Spanish was Campeonatos del Mundo de Patinaje Artístico Professional sobre Hielo. The forerunner of this event was an open professional championship for show skaters dating back to at least the 1930's that was held in England, initially under the auspices of the National Ice Skating Association of Great Britain, and later organized by the Imperial Professional Skaters Association. The event moved to Jaca with the sponsorship of the International Professional Skaters Union. During the 1980s it was quite a prestigious event with wide television coverage in Europe. Past winners of this event include Denise Biellmann, Robert Wagenhoffer, Gary Beacom, Scott Williams, Pierre Panayi, and Lorna Brown References Information at goldenskate.com Jaca results at goldenskate.com Robert S. Ogilvie, Competitive Figure Skating: A Parent's Guide. ISBN 0-06-015375-X. ^ Lund, Mark A.; Patrick, Rebecca (2002). Frozen Assets. Ashton International Media. p. 100. ISBN 9780972140201.  ^ 1998 results on ISU web site ^ The "Stars of the 1980 Winter Olympics" team: Linda Fratianne, Emi Watanabe, Robin Cousins, Charles Tickner, Babilonia & Gardner, and Regoczy & Sallay ^ The 1981 "All Stars" team: Dorothy Hamill, Janet Lynn, John Curry, Toller Cranston, The Protopopovs, and Starbuck & Shelley ^ The 1982 "Pro Stars" team: Janet Lynn, Linda Fratianne, Don Jackson, Charles Tickner, Babilonia & Gardner, The Bezics, and Regoczy & Sallay ^ 1983 team winners: Dorothy Hamill, Dianne de Leeuw, Toller Cranston, John Carlow, The Protopopovs, Starbuck & Shelley, and Wighton & Dowding ^ 1984 team winners: Rosalynn Sumners, Elaine Zayak, Scott Hamilton, Norbert Schramm, The Carruthers, Underhill & Martini, Torvill & Dean, and Fox & Dalley ^ 1985 team winners: Dorothy Hamill, Linda Fratianne, Robin Cousins, The Protopopovs, Babilonia & Gardner, and Blumberg & Seibert External links The Rise and Fall of the Pro Skating World Skating Turns Pro part 1 part 2 part 3 part 4 part 5