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Painting of a Union soldier (in zouave uniform) wearing a forage cap during the American Civil War Forage cap is the designation given to various types of military undress, fatigue or working headresses. These varied widely in form, according to country or period. The coloured peaked cap worn by the modern British Army for parade and other dress occasions is known as a forage cap. Contents 1 History 2 British Army usage 3 Royal Air Force usage 4 See also 5 References History In the 18th century forage caps were small cloth caps worn by British cavalrymen when collecting forage for their horses. The term was later applied to undress caps worn by men of all branches and regiments as a substitute for the full dress headdress.[1] The kepi widely worn during the American Civil War is sometimes mistakenly referred to as a forage cap.[2] British Army usage In the British Army, forage caps were first regulated by the War Office in 1811 as a practical head dress that could be worn when out of action, in lieu of the cumbersome Shako that was otherwise stipulated when in full regimental dress. There is however evidence that they were worn before this date under regimental arrangements and they are specifically mentioned as early as 1768. Their construction was either knitted, or made up locally utilising still serviceable parts of worn out uniforms. Always round in shape, they initially had no peak, but many years later the idea of a peak was transferred from the shako to give the forage cap a more smart appearance. They were initially often in a blue-gray colour with a head band that may well have been in the facing colour of the regiment, but once standardised by war office regulation they began to take on a more uniform appearance and, when not in use, were rolled and carried strapped to the cartouche case. These crude but effective forage caps remained in use until replaced by a similar style of forage cap, known as a Kilmarnock Bonnet (from its place of manufacture), some time in the 1830s. The Kilmarnock Bonnet style of forage cap was replaced in Scottish units by the glengarry in 1848, but English, Irish and Welsh units, as well as the Foot Guards, continued to wear a stiffened version of the Kilmarnock until 1868, when the remainder of the line regiments also adopted the glengarry, leaving only the Foot and Horse Guards in a forage cap, which had now evolved into two types, with and without a peak. In 1902 a new but similarly shaped style of forage cap was introduced and named after the then Secretary of State for War, St John Brodrick. The 'Brodrick cap' took the form of a stiffened and round shaped forage cap with no peak that was not dissimilar in appearance to a sailor's hat, although it was dark blue in colour and had a patch of facing colour cloth behind the regimental badge, which was worn centrally at the front. In 1905 the Brodrick was replaced by a broad topped cap with wired brim and leather peak, based on the pattern worn in the Royal Navy, which was introduced as a "forage cap" for off-duty 'walking out' and other semi-formal occasions. Under the same name, a slightly modified version of this cap is currently worn by most modern British regiments with No. 1 Ceremonial and No. 2 khaki parade dress.[3] The body of this headdress is generally dark blue, although the cap bands are red for "Royal" regiments and corps, or regimental colours for some other units, especially the cavalry and yeomanry. Royal Air Force usage This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2011) The Royal Air Force uses different nomenclature. The RAF forage cap has no peak and because of its longitudinal cut is called a "fore-and-after" [1]. Its two ornamental buttons at the front can be unfastened in order to let down earflaps for harsh weather. (The German army forage cap of the Second World War was similar, but of two distinct types, one with an eye-shading peak or bill, the other without.) The forage cap was worn by RAF personnel for everyday purposes from 1918 until about 1950 when it was superseded by the RAF blue beret (introduced after the Second World War.) The fore-and-after is still worn by airmen in other services, such the USAAF and Canadian Air Force. The peaked cap worn in the RAF for parades etc., is called the SD or Service Dress cap. See also Kepi Garrison cap References ^ W.Y. Carman, Dictionary of Military Uniform, p.59, ISBN 0-684-15130-8 ^ J. Philip Langellier, Parade Ground Soldiers: Military Uniforms and Headdress 1837-1910, ISBN 0-87020-174-3 ^ Michael Barthorp, British Infantry Uniforms since 1660, ISBN 1 85079 0094