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Since the late 19th Century, the Government of Japan has issued six different types of Medals of Honor (褒章 hosho) to individuals for achievements in various fields. 褒章 Medal of Honor The Medals of Honor were established on December 7, 1881, and were first awarded the following year. Several expansions and amendments have been made since then. The medal design for all six types are the same, bearing the words 褒章 on a gilt central disc surrounded by a silver ring of cherry blossoms on the obverse; only the colors of the ribbon differ. The Medals of Honor are awarded twice each year, on April 29 (the birthday of Showa Emperor) and November 3 (the birthday of Meiji Emperor). Contents 1 Types 1.1 Red ribbon 1.2 Green ribbon 1.3 Yellow ribbon 1.4 Purple ribbon 1.5 Blue ribbon 1.6 Dark blue ribbon 2 Select recipients 2.1 Red 2.2 Green 2.3 Yellow 2.4 Purple 2.5 Blue 2.6 Dark blue 3 Notes 4 References 5 External links Types Hitoshi Narita stands at near right, wearing the Japanese Medal of Honor with purple ribbon. Dr. Narita stands with H.R.H. Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (middle) and with the President of the Royal Academy of Engineering, Alec Broers, now Lord Broers (left). The three men were photographed on the evening of a formal dinner following Narita's election as a fellow of the Academy in 2002. Red ribbon First awarded in 1882. Awarded to individuals who have risked their own lives to save the lives of others. In 2005 a 15-year-old youth was awarded the medal for saving lives from a submerged motor vehicle, becoming the medal's youngest recipient ever. Green ribbon First awarded in 1882. Originally awarded "to children, grandchildren, wives and servants for remarkable acts of piety; and to individuals who, through their diligence and perseverance while engaging in their professional activities, became public role models". Changed social values after World War II had resulted in the conferment of this medal being suspended after 1950; since 1955 it has been replaced to some extent by the revived Medal with Yellow Ribbon (see below). However in 2003 the Medal with Green Ribbon was revived as an award to morally remarkable individuals who have actively taken part in serving the society. Yellow ribbon First awarded in 1887 (later abolished); revived in 1955. Awarded to individuals who, through their diligence and perseverance while engaging in their professional activities, became public role models. Purple ribbon First awarded in 1955. Awarded to individuals who have contributed to academic and artistic developments, improvements and accomplishments. Blue ribbon First awarded in 1882. Awarded to individuals who have made significant achievements in the areas of public welfare or public service. Dark blue ribbon First awarded in 1919. Awarded to individuals who have made exceptionally generous financial contributions for the well being of the public. Select recipients This is an incomplete list, which may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries. Red Samuel Robinson.[1] Green This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. Yellow Ken Ono [2] Hiroshi Maeda [3] Purple Hitoshi Narita.[4] Morihei Ueshiba.[5] Mitsuo Tsukahara.[6] Tsuyoshi Tsutsumi.[6] Miyuki Nakajima.[6] Eiichi Nakamura.[6] Joe Hisaishi.[6][7] Akinori Yonezawa.[6] Yoshihisa Yamamoto [8][9] Jun'ichi Tsujii Shigeo Hirose Blue Shoichiro Toyoda.[10] Masaru Ibuka.[11] Keiichi Ishizaka.[6] Yasuhiro Fukushima.[6] Kaoru Inoue [12] Yoshikazu Yahiro [13] Kazuo Imai [14] Hiroko Sakai [14] Dark blue This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. Notes ^ Honor awarded 1923 -- National Maritime Museum (UK) ^ Honor awarded 2009 (Okayama Prefecture) -- ^ Honor awarded 2009 (Osaka Prefecture) -- ^ Honor awarded 1990 -- Office of Naval Research (US): "Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh admits Office of Naval Research engineer to United Kingdom's Royal Academy of Engineering," Press release. November 11, 2002. ^ Honor conferred 1960 -- North Austin Tae Kwan Do: "Chronology of the Life of Morihei Ueshiba, Founder of Aikido." ^ a b c d e f g h Honor awarded 2009 (Tokyo Prefecture) -- ^ "678 individuals, 24 groups awarded Medals of Honor," Mainichi Shimbun. November 3, 2009; "Ghibli Composer Joe Hisaishi Awarded Medal of Honour," Anime News Network. November 3, 2009. ^ http://news-service.stanford.edu /pr/2005/pr-purple-113005.html ^ http://www.nii.ac.jp/brief/hyosho/hyosho-20051102-e.html ^ Honor awarded 1984 -- Toyota Motor Corporation: Toyoda, Honorary Chairman. ^ Honor awarded 1960 -- Sony Corporation: [1]. ^ Honor awarded 2009 (Nagasaki Prefecture) -- ^ Honor awarded 2009 (Fukuoka Prefecture) -- ^ a b Honor awarded 2009 (Kyoto Prefecture) -- References Peterson, James W., Barry C. Weaver and Michael A. Quigley. (2001). Orders and Medals of Japan and Associated States. San Ramon, California: Orders and Medals Society of America. ISBN 1-8909-7409-9 External links Japan, Cabinet Office: Decorations and Medals Decoration Bureau: Medals of Honour Japan Mint: Production Process v · d · eJapanese honors system Current orders Order of the Chrysanthemum  • Order of the Paulownia Flowers  • Order of the Rising Sun  • Order of the Precious Crown  • Order of the Sacred Treasure  • Order of Culture  • Medals of Honor Former orders Order of the Golden Kite  • Military Medals of Honor