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This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. It does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve it by citing reliable sources. Tagged since April 2009. It does not have a lead section. Tagged since September 2009. Very few or no other articles link to it. Please help introduce links to this page from other articles related to it. Tagged since October 2009. It may need to be wikified to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Tagged since April 2009. This article may need to be wikified to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Please help by adding relevant internal links, or by improving the article's layout. (May 2011) Click [show] on right for more details. Please replace HTML markup with wiki markup where appropriate. Add wikilinks. Where appropriate, make links to other articles by putting "[[" and "]]" on either side of relevant words (see WP:LINK for more information). 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Contents 1 4th Battalion, 3d Infantry Regiment (The Old Guard) 1.1 4/3 Battalion Mission Statement 1.2 4/3 Battalion Task Organization 2 4/3 Battalion Subordinate Unit Back Ground 3 4th Battalion, 3d Infantry Lineage 4 4th Battalion, 3d Infantry Honors 5 Early History as part of the 3d Infantry Regiment "The Old Guard" 4th Battalion, 3d Infantry Regiment (The Old Guard) WARRIORS 4/3 Battalion’s motto: ‘VINDICIAE CONTRA TYRANNOS' meaning “a defense of liberty against the tyrants.” 4/3 Battalion Mission Statement -4/3 Infantry conducts ceremonies IOT maintain the traditions of the US Army, showcase the Army to our nations citizens and the world, and to defend the dignity and honor of our fallen comrades. -On order 4/3 Infantry protects federal property and / or assists civilian authorities in the NCR in order to limit the effects of attacks or disasters. “The 4th battalion has a unique mission set of capabilities..... We provide world class ceremonial support, prepared to respond to support civil authorities and can tactically deploy formations in support of Global War on Terrorism.” Lt. Col. Jaime Martinez, 4th Battalion commander. The Army's newest battalion joins the rest of the Old Guard in showcasing the Army to our nations’ citizens and the world and to render honor of our fallen comrades in Arlington National Cemetery. 4/3 Battalion Task Organization HHC Alpha Company Echo Company 289th MP Company 529th RSC Company FDC 4/3 Battalion Subordinate Unit Back Ground Headquarters, Headquarter Company (HHC)"Hammer Company" 4/3 HHC Mission Statement Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 4th Battalion, 3d U.S. Infantry Regiment provides Command and Control, as well as administrative support in order to allow the Battalion perform it’s mission. Participates in ceremonies in order to maintain traditions, represent the U.S. Army and the Nation. On order provides command and control, and administrative support to 4th Battalion, 3d U.S. Infantry Regiment forces deployed and /or protects federal property in order to support the Agency managing consequences of attacks or disasters within the National Capital Region. -U.S. Drill Team The Old Guard is looking to fill open enlisted billets in the Drill Team Platoon. These billets are MOS immaterial and are open to female soldiers. Non-commission Officers and enlisted soldiers wanting to join the Drill Team Platoon, should contact SFC Colbert at commercial (703) 696–3149 or DSN 426-3149. The U.S. Army Drill Team, one of the 3rd U.S. Infantry's renowned specialty units, has earned international acclaim through its breathtaking routines with bayonet-tipped 1903 Springfield rifles. Organized to support The Old Guard's ceremonial commitments, the Drill Team has thrilled millions of youngsters and proud Americans for more than 25 years with their daring and complex performances. When not performing for the President or visiting dignitaries and heads of state, the Drill Team travels extensively supporting Army recruitment, acting as "good-will ambassadors" for the Army and participating in major military and civic functions. The soldiers are selected for this elite team after six months of rigorous and competitive drill practice. Trim military bearing, strength and dexterity are mandatory for qualification to the Drill Team. For those selected for the team, the rigors of training never stop. To execute their complicated routines as close to perfection as possible, the team practices constantly. The Drill Team performs a variety of intricate maneuvers that have extremely high risk factors. One such maneuver is dubbed the "daring front-to-rear overhead rifle toss,' and it is deserving of such a glorified title. During this dangerous routine, four members of the Drill Team alternately toss their spinning, 10-pound rifles from the front rank to the back, often as high as 15 feet into the air and 12 feet to the rear. Then four soldiers in the back rank catch the revolving weapons one-handed in a true demonstration of courage and concentration. In most cases, revolution of the rifle ends as the bayonet arcs just past the soldier's right ear. Other noted drill sequences in the Drill Team repertoire include the manual of arms in unison and the Queen Anne Salute – a favorite of audiences young and old. Also, there is a specialty drill during which the drill master stands in the center of the formation surrounded by four soldiers who toss their bayonet-tipped weapons above and around his head. Marching cadence of the drill team is 90 steps per minute, considerably faster than regulations march tempo. Timing must be letter perfect, as all routines are performed without vocal cadence or musical cues. Only the team's superb discipline enables its members to continuously challenge fate, and win. For performance requests contact U. S. Army MDW, Ceremonies and Special Events at (202)685–2994. -Tomb of the Unknown Soldier The Old Guard is looking to fill open enlisted billets in the Tomb Guard Platoon. These billets are MOS immaterial and are open to female soldiers. Non-commissioned Officers and enlisted soldiers wanting to join the Tomb Guard Platoon, should contact MSG Warner at commercial (703) 696–3149 or DSN 426-3149. Historical Summary On 4 March 1921, Congress approved a resolution providing for the burial of an unidentified American soldier, following the custom adopted by other allied countries after World War I. The site was to be the plaza of Arlington National Cemetery’s Memorial Amphitheater, which had been dedicated the previous year. On Memorial Day, 1921, an unknown was exhumed from each of four cemeteries in France. The remains were placed in identical caskets and assembled at Chalon sur Marne. On 24 October, Army Sergeant Edward F. Younger, wounded in combat and highly decorated for valor, selected the unknown soldier for World War I by placing a spray of white roses on one of the caskets. Those remaining were interred in the Meuse Argonne Cemetery, France. The Unknown Soldier then returned home to the U.S. to lie in state in the Capitol Rotunda until Armistice Day. On 11 November 1921, President Warren G. Harding officiated at the interment ceremonies at the amphitheater. The monument which rests on top of the Unknown grave is a sarcophagus simple but impressive in its dimensions. Its austere, flat-faced form is relieved at the corners and along the sides by neo-classic pilasters, or columns, set unto the surface. Sculpted into the panel which faces Washington are the three figures of Valor, Victory, and Peace. On the plaza face the words "Here Rests in Honored Glory An American Soldier Known But To God". On 3 August 1956, President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed a bill to select and pay tribute to the Unknown Soldiers of World War II and Korea on Memorial Day 1958. The World War II Unknown was selected from 19 remains exhumed from military cemeteries in Hawaii, Europe, and the Philippines. Two Unknowns from World War II, one from the European Theatre and one from the Pacific Theatre, were placed in identical caskets and taken aboard the U.S.S. Canberra, a guided missile cruiser resting off the Virginia capes. Hospital Man First Class William R. Carrette, then the Navy’s only active duty Medal of Honor recipient, selected the Unknown Soldier of World War II. The remaining casket received a burial at sea. Four unknown Americans who had lost their lives in Korea were disinterred from the National Cemetery of the Pacific in Hawaii. Master sergeant Ned Lyle, U.S. Army made the final selection. Both the caskets arrived in Washington on 28 May 1958 where they lay in the Capital Rotunda until 30 May. That morning they were carried on caissons to Arlington National Cemetery. President Eisenhower awarded each the Medal of Honor and the Unknowns were interred in the Plaza beside their comrade of World War I. Twenty six years later, on Memorial Day, 28 May 1984, after a search made difficult because of advances in technologies used to identify the remains of unknown soldiers, President Ronald Reagan presided over the interment ceremony for the Vietnam Unknown service member. Like his predecessors, he was laid to rest in the plaza of the Tomb during a ceremony that received national coverage. The Sentinels of the Tomb Originally a civilian watchman was responsible for the security of the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. Then, 24 March 1926, a military guard from the Washington Provisional Brigade (forerunner of the U.S. Army Military District of Washington) was established during the day-light hours. In 1948 the 3d U.S. Infantry "The Old Guard" assumed the post following the units reactivation in the nation’s capital. Members of the 3d Infantry’s Honor Guard continue to serve in this distinguished duty today. A soldier seeking the honor of serving as a sentinel at the Tomb must possess exemplary qualities, to include American citizenship, a spotless record, and impeccable military bearing. While on duty the sentinel crosses a 63-foot rubber surfaced walkway in exactly 21 steps. He then faces the Tomb for 21 seconds, turns again, and pauses an additional 21 seconds before retracing his steps. The 21 is symbolic of the highest salute according to dignitaries in military and state ceremonies. As a gesture against intrusion on their post, the sentinel always bears his weapon away from the Tomb. Only under exceptional circumstances may the guard speak or alter his silent, measured tour of duty. He will issue a warning if anyone attempts to enter the restricted area around the Tomb, but first will halt and bring his rifle to port arms. The Guard wears the Army Dress Blue Uniform, reminiscent of the color and style worn by soldiers during the late 1800s. Tomb Guards are privileged to wear the Tomb Identification Badge on the right breast pocket. The design is an inverted open laurel wreath surrounding a representation of the front elevation of the Tomb. The words "Honor Guard" are engraved at the base of the badge. A guard leaving after at least nine months of service is entitled to wear the badge as a permanent part of the uniform. Alpha Company "CINC Guard" Alpha Company Mission Statement On Order, A Company, 1st Battalion, 3d US Infantry Regiment, deploys by land or air to: Assist with NBC operations, conduct area security operations, and control civil disturbances in support of the Military District of Washington’s defense to the National Capital Region. Alpha Company also conducts Joint and Army ceremonies and funerals in support of the Military District of Washington. Company A is stationed and billeted on Fort Lesley J. McNair, in the city limits of the District of Columbia. It is historically known as the Commander-in-Chief’s Guard and is patterned after General George Washington’s personal guard of that day. It conducts tactical training year round to sustain proficiency in its Rifle Company's tasks that support the 3d U.S. Infantry Regiment's "The Old Guard" mission to defend the Nation Capital Region. Along with its standard Rifle Company mission requirements, this unit also maintains ceremonial and tactical proficiency in the weaponry and tactics of the 18th century. This CinC Guard function is performed in many Department of Defense and Department of the Army ceremonies year round. In addition to their CinC Guard functions, Alpha Company also conducts memorial affairs in Arlington National Cemetery. Echo Company "Honor Guard" Echo Company Mission Statement Honor Guard Company executes Joint and Army ceremonies throughout the National Capital Region and Nation IOT maintain the traditions of the US Army, showcase the Army to our nations citizens and the world, and to defend the dignity and honor of our fallen comrades. On order, deploys by air or land to pre-designated CONUS locations ISO JTF Ceremony Forward to conduct Active Congressional and State Funeral operations. B/P to execute fixed site security in support of FMMC FPCON D contingency operations. -Continental Color Guard (CCG) With a heritage tracing back to the early days of our nation, the Continental Color Guard is a 3d Infantry tradition. Regimental records show that the color sergeants and the drum major of the 3d Infantry Band wore Revolutionary War-style uniforms at Fort Snelling, Minn., in 1922. A contemporary description stated that the purpose of the unit was ‘to recall to the mind of every member of the 3d Infantry the long and honorable history of the regiment…from a period which followed closely upon the Revolutionary War. The Continental Color Guard Team serves the same function today. The five-man unit is composed of two armed Guards and three color ensigns, who carry the National Color, the U.S. Army Color, and the Color of their parent unit, the 3d U.S. Infantry "The Old Guard". The team carries the National Color in the place of honor on the right, the United States Army flag directly to its left, and the 3d Infantry’s regimental color on the far left. The armed guards flank the colors on either side and are responsible for protecting the honor of the Star Spangled Banner. The U.S. Army Color bears 172 campaign streamers, representing every campaign in which the Army has participated. The 3d Infantry Color bears 54 campaign streamers, earned by the unit’s participation in major conflicts, the Meritorious Unit Citation and two Superior Unit Awards. The uniforms worn by the Color Team are replicas of the 1784-style infantry uniforms worn by The Old Guard’s predecessor, the First American Regiment. The pattern of the uniform for wear by all infantry units of the Continental Army was approved by General George Washington in 1782. It consisted of a blue coat faced with a red collar, cuffs and lapels, white buttons and lining, long-fitting overalls, and a black cocked hat with cockade. The Continental Color Guard displays the Colors in numerous parades and ceremonies throughout the year. The team has performed in such notable events as presidential inaugurals, the Olympics, and the Super Bowl. A solemn part of any civic of military function, the presentation of the National Color assumes a special patriotic and historic significance when borne by this… the nation’s foremost color team. 289th Military Police Company "Spartans" 289th MP Company Mission Statement The 289th Military Police Company conducts Law and Order Operations IOT provide law enforcement and force protection to The Old Guard and the Fort Myer Military Community (FMMC). O/O the 289th Military Police Company conducts Ceremonial Operations IOT provide security and facilitate maneuver in support of the 4th Battalion, 3d U.S. Infantry Regiment (TOG). Soldiers of the 289th Military Police Company stand ready to respond to contingency and/or strategic combat operations IOT provide Area Security and Maneuver and Mobility Support to the National Capital Region. -K9 Detachment 529th Reimental Support Company "Black Knights" 529th RSC Mission Statement 529th Regimental Support Company, 4th Battalion, 3d U.S. Infantry Regiment conducts Food Service, Maintenance, Transportation, Medical and Munitions support to all ceremonial and tactical Regimental missions. On order, supports Regimental contingency operations in the National Capital Region. The 529th Quartermaster Petroleum Supply Company is cited for exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding service in support of combat operations in Korea during the period 9 October 1950 to 9 April 1951. This company was given the mission of receiving and storing class III supplies and issuing them to I and X Corps. Despite the most adverse weather conditions and the difficulty of operating with considerably less than its authorized strength, the unit successfully established and operated 16 supply points at various locations Korea. On many occasions, because of its nearness to the forward areas, the unit was required to prepare its own defense measures against hostile actions, a task which the unit was neither equipped nor organized to perform. When it became impossible to transport supplies by rail and road to the forward combat elements, the company instituted a plan by which class III supplies could be air dropped to units in remote areas. Despite the handicaps engendered by a lack of adequate transportation, adverse weather conditions, and an acute shortage of operating personnel, the members of this company nevertheless manifested a high degree of skill, determination, and efficiency in completing all assignments. The 529th Quartermaster Petroleum Supply Company displayed such outstanding devotion to duty and performed its exceptionally difficult tasks in such a superior manner as to set it apart from and above other units with a similar mission. The technical ability and zeal with which the members of the company performed their duties reflect great themselves, the Quartermaster Corps, and the military service of the United States. (General Orders 760, Headquarters, Eighth United States Army) Fife and Drum Corps (FDC) As one of the United States Army's premier musical organizations, the Old Guard Fife and Drum Corps has inspired audiences throughout the Nation and abroad for 48 years. Founded on 23 February 1960, the men and women of the Corps proudly carry on traditions that accompanied the birth of our Nation. To see the unit is to experience history come alive – a proud tradition that began with the musicians of the Continental Army and continues today! The Old Guard Fife and Drum Corps is the only unit of its kind in the armed forces, and is part of the 3rd U.S. Infantry Regiment (The Old Guard). The Fife and Drum Corps is stationed at Fort Myer, VA The musicians of this unit recall the days of the American Revolution as they parade in uniforms patterned after those worn by the musicians of Gen. George Washington's Continental Army. Military musicians of the period wore the reverse colors of the regiments to which they were assigned. The uniforms worn by the members of the Corps are dated circa 1781, and consist of black tricorn hats, white wigs, waistcoats, colonial coveralls, and red regimental coats. The drum major of the unit is distinguished from the other musicians by his headgear, the light-infantry Cap. In contrast to modern Army bands, and as an indication of prominence, he carries an espontoon instead of the standard mace. The espontoon is an 18th century weapon carried by officers. However, it is used by the drum major to issue silent commands to the Corps. The 69-member Corps uses 10-hole fifes, handmade rope-tensioned drums and single-valve bugles, which bring to life the exciting sounds of the continental army. While traveling, the marching strength of the unit is normally 22 musicians, and the drum major and support personnel. The Fife and Drum Corps also features a Baroque Trumpet Ensemble; a specialty group that revives the sounds of period trumpet music at official ceremonies, special events and professional venues. As an official representative of the U.S. Army, the Corps averages approximately 500 performances annually. The Corps has entertained millions of people in major parades, pageants and historical celebrations throughout the United States; and has served America as a goodwill ambassador as far away as Europe, Australia and Canada. Major sporting events the Corps has performed at include NCAA bowl games, NBA games, NFL games including Super Bowl XVI, the Kentucky Derby, the Indianapolis 500, and the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid NY. In support of the president, the Corps performs at all armed-forces arrival ceremonies for visiting dignitaries and heads of state at the White House, and has participated in every Presidential Inaugural Parade since President John F. Kennedy's in 1961. 4th Battalion, 3d Infantry Lineage -Constituted 3 June 1784 as a company of the First American Regiment -Organized by September 1784 in Pennsylvania or New Jersey -Redesignated 29 September 1789 as a company of the Regiment of Infantry -Redesignated 3 March 1791 as a company of the 1st Infantry -Redesignated in 1792 as a company of the Infantry of the 1st Sub-Legion -Redesignated 31 October 1796 as a company of the 1st Infantry -Consolidated May–October 1815 with a company of the 5th Infantry (constituted 12 April 1808), a company of the 17th Infantry (constituted 11 January 1812), a company of the 19th Infantry (constituted 26 June 1812), and a company of the 28th Infantry (constituted 29 January 1813) to form a company of the 3d Infantry -Designated 22 May 1816 as Company D, 3d Infantry -Consolidated 16 December 1869 with part of Company A, 37th Infantry (see ANNEX) and consolidated unit designated as Company D, 3d Infantry -(3d Infantry assigned 24 March 1923 to the 7th Division; relieved 15 August 1927 from assignment to the 7th Division and assigned to the 6th Division; relieved 1 October 1933 from assignment to the 6th Division and assigned to the 7th Division; relieved 16 October 1939 from assignment to the 7th Division and assigned to the 6th Division; relieved 10 May 1941 from assignment to the 6th Division) -Inactivated 1 June 1941 at Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri -Activated 14 February 1942 in Newfoundland -Inactivated 20 November 1946 in Germany -Activated 6 April 1948 at Fort Myer, Virginia -Inactivated 1 July 1957 at Fort Myer, Virginia; concurrently, redesignated as Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 4th Battle Group, 3d Infantry -Redesignated 15 April 1966 as Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 4th Battalion, 3d Infantry (organic elements concurrently constituted) -Battalion activated 1 July 1966 in Hawaii and assigned to the 11th Infantry Brigade -Relieved 15 February 1969 from assignment to the 11th Infantry Brigade and assigned to the 23d Infantry Division -Inactivated 30 November 1971 at Fort Lewis, Washington, and relieved from assignment to the 23d Infantry Division -Redesignated 1 October 2005 as the 4th Battalion, 3d Infantry Regiment -Activated 16 October 2006 at Fort Myer, Virginia ANNEX -Constituted 3 May 1861 in the Regular Army as Company A, 3d Battalion, 19th Infantry -Organized 6 May 1865 at Fort Wayne, Michigan -Reorganized and redesignated 23 November 1866 as Company A, 37th Infantry -Consolidated 16 December 1869 with Company D and Company K, 3d Infantry and consolidated units designated as Company D and Company K, 3d Infantry (Company K, 3d Infantry—hereafter separate lineage) 4th Battalion, 3d Infantry Honors -Campaign Participation Credit -War of 1812: *Canada; *Chippewa; *Lundy’s Lane -Mexican War: *Palo Alto; *Resaca de la Palma; *Monterey; *Vera Cruz; *Cerro Gordo; *Contreras; *Churubusco; *Chapultepec -Civil War : *Bull Run; *Peninsula; *Manassas; *Antietam; *Fredericksburg; *Chancellorsville; Gettysburg; Appomattox; Texas 1861; Florida 1861; Florida 1862; Virginia 1863 -Indian Wars: *Miami; *Seminoles; *Comanches; *New Mexico 1856; New Mexico 1857; *New Mexico 1858; New Mexico 1860; Montana 1887 -War with Spain: *Santiago -Philippine Insurrection: *Malolos; San Isidro; Luzon 1899; Luzon 1900; *Jolo 1911 -World War II: *American Theater, Streamer without inscription; *Northern France -Vietnam: *Counteroffensive, Phase III; *Tet Counteroffensive; *Counteroffensive, Phase IV; *Counteroffensive, Phase V; *Counteroffensive, Phase VI; *Tet 69/Counteroffensive; *Summer-Fall 1969; *Winter-Spring 1970; *Sanctuary Counteroffensive; *Counteroffensive, Phase VII; *Consolidation I Decorations Republic of Vietnam Cross of Gallantry with Palm for VIETNAM 1968–1969 Republic of Vietnam Cross of Gallantry with Palm for VIETNAM 1969–1970 Republic of Vietnam Cross of Gallantry with Palm for VIETNAM FEBRUARY-APRIL 1971 Republic of Vietnam Cross of Gallantry with Palm for VIETNAM MAY-JUNE 1971 Early History as part of the 3d Infantry Regiment "The Old Guard" THE FIRST REGIMENT OF INFANTRY Compiled in the office of the MILITARY SERVICE INSTITUTION. The original First Infantry was first organized under Resolve of Congress of date 3 June 1784, to serve twelve months, and was continued by subsequent Resolves until it was recognized by the Act of 29 September 1789, as the "Regiment of Infantry" in the service of the United States. The Act of 30 April 1790, more fully completed its organization and when a second regiment was formed under the Act of 3 March 1791, the older organization became the "First Regiment of Infantry."* Brevet Brigadier General Josiah Harmar was the first "lieutenant colonel commandant" of the regiment and commanded it until his resignation in 1792. He was also "General in Chief of the Army," and in that capacity conducted the expedition against the Miami Indians in Ohio in September and October, 1790. His regiment was with him, Captain John Armstrong and a detachment of 30 men taking part in the engagement on the Miami River, 19 October; and a detachment of 60 men under Major Wyllys being engaged, 22 October, near the same place. In this action Major Wyllys was killed. Arthur St. Clair, Who had been a major general in the Revolutionary Army was appointed "General in Chief " in March, 1791, superseding Harmar. St. Clair in his turn proceeded against the Miamis, and was even more thoroughly defeated than Harmar had been, suffering a loss in killed and wounded of nearly 900 out of his total strength of 1400. The battle took place near the sources of the Maumee of the Lakes, and the fugitive army did not halt until safely within the palisades of Fort Jefferson, 29 miles to the rear, where the First Infantry, about 300 strong, was found in garrison. The Act of 5 March 1792, gave the army a new organization, with the title of "Legion of the United States." The Legion provided for a total strength of 5120 officers and men and was divided into four "sub-legions," each of which was composed of one troop of dragoons, one company of artillery, two battalions of infantry and one of riflemen, each battalion having four companies. The First Infantry was merged into the First Sublegion. The Legion participated in the Battle of the Maumee Rapids under General Wayne, 20 August 1794, in which the Indians were utterly defeated and disheartened. The First Sub-legion was at this time commanded by Lieutenant Colonel J. F. Hamtranck [sic], and among the officers mentioned by General Wayne in his report of the battle as deserving special mention, See page 40 of the "Historical Register of the U. S. Army," F. B. Heitman, Washington, 1890. Also, Appendix "First Infantry-A Correction." were Colonel Hamtranck, Captain Prior, and Lieutenant W. H. Harrison (afterwards President of the U. S.) all of the First Sub-legion. The Act of 30 May 1796, discontinued the Legion, and the line of the military establishment was made to consist of the "Artillerists and Engineers," two companies of dragoons, and four regiments of infantry, the First Sub-legion resuming its old designation of the "First Regiment of Infantry." Colonel Hamtranck was continued as the lieutenant-colonel commandant of the regiment until the reorganization of 1802, when he became its first full colonel. He died 11 April 1803, while commandant of Detroit and its dependencies. Colonel Hamtranck had the faculty of inspiring men with confidence, and although he was a rigid disciplinarian, was beloved by his men, for he was kindhearted, generous and brave. The officers under his command placed a stone upon his grave, which is in the grounds attached to St. Anne's Orphan Asylum at Detroit, as a "grateful tribute to his merit and his worth." In the year 1803, the Government determined to explore the newly acquired territory, known as the Louisiana purchase, as far as the course and sources of the Missouri River are concerned, and to determine upon the feasible water communication to the Pacific Ocean. To accomplish these purposes, the Lewis and Clarke expedition was organized by the President. Captain Meriwether Lewis, the head of this expedition, was an officer of the regiment, and at the time secretary to the President, Thomas Jefferson. The party proceeded in boats from St. Louis, examining the country along the Missouri river to its sources, thence through the Rocky Mountains and down the Columbia River to the Pacific Ocean. The expedition set out on 14 May 1804, and reached St. Louis on its return, 23 September 1806. In 1807, Captain Lewis was appointed Governor of Louisiana, and by his firm but just conduct, soon harmonized the various factions which at one time threatened serious trouble in the territory. Captain Lewis inherited hypochondria, and whilst suffering under a temporary derangement of mind, he put an end to his life, while en route from St. Louis to Washington, in September, 1809. For many years following General Wayne's victory the Indians appear to have given little or no trouble. and the regiment remained in garrison at Detroit and vicinity until the outbreak of the War of 1812. On 25 July 1812, the first blood of the War of 1812 was shed in a skirmish not far from Detroit, and in August General Hull sent an expedition from that place to open communication with the River Raisin and to escort an expected supply train into Detroit. Among the troops so sent were two detachments of the First Infantry, commanded by Lieutenant D. Stansbury and Ensign R. A. McCabe. The enemy was met at Maguaga, 9 August, and defeated, yet the troops were recalled to Detroit without accomplishing anything farther, and on the 16th of the same month were included in Hull's disgraceful surrender of the troops under his command. Heald's Company of the First Infantry was at this time stationed at Fort Dearborn (now Chicago), and Captain Heald had received orders from General Hull to evacuate his station, distribute the government property among the Indians, and proceed to Detroit. He obeyed orders but had hardly begun his march (15 August) when he was attacked by ten times his force of Indians, and after two-thirds of his men had been killed or wounded was forced to surrender. Later in the year (5 September to 8) the Indians attacked Fort Madison, a short distance from the present city of St. Louis. Lieutenants Hamilton and Vasques of the First Infantry with a small detachment of the regiment garrisoned the fort, and after a gallant defense drove the enemy away. A general "Return of the Army" of date Ju1y 1, 1814, reports the First Infantrv, 214 strong, as under orders to join the "Division of the Right," which garrisoned the Lake frontier from Buffalo to Sacketts Harbor, and it is probable that the detachment of 99 men under Captain John Campbell, First Infantry, which was attacked by the Sac and Fox Indians while in boats near the mouth of Rock River on the Mississippi, was moving in obedience to these instructions. The detachment lost 36 in killed and wounded. The regiment joined General Brown's army on the Niagara River on the day of the battle of Niagara, 25 July 1814, and during the action was not attached to either brigade. At this time it was commanded by Lieutenant Colonel R. C. Nicholas, as its colonel – Jacob Kingsbury – was the inspector general of the military department in which it was serving. The regiment took part also in the siege of Fort Erie, – 1 August to 17 September 1814. The war had no sooner come to an end than the army was reduced (Act of 3 March 1815) to a total of 10,000 men, to consist of artillery, infantry and riflemen, in such proportions as the President should judge proper. He fixed the proportion by the order of 17 May 1815, at one regiment of light artillery, the Corps of Artillery (32 companies), 8 regiments of infantry and one of riflemen. Special pains appear to have been taken in this reorganization to prevent any continuance in the new organizations of the regimental traditions of the old, for not a single regiment of infantry retained its original number. The First Infantry of the preceding pages became a part of the new Third Infantry, while the old Second, Third, Seventh and Forty-fourth, were united to form the new First Infantry. The old Fourth went into the new Fifth; the Fifth into the Eighth; the Sixth into the Second, and the Eighth into the Seventh. The present First Regiment of Infantry was organized pursuant to Act of 3 March 1815, and General Orders of date 17 May 1815, from the Second, Third, Seventh and Forty-fourth Regiments of Infantry, and was assigned to duty in the Division of the South with headquarters at Pass Christiana, La. Not one officer of the old First Infantry was assigned to it nor were any from the old Second or Seventh, although the reorganization order would seem to require it. Seventeen officers of the 3d and 44th Regiments which had so recently greatly distinguished themselves at the battle of New Orleans, were so assigned, and the remainder were apparently selected from the army at large........ THE THIRD REGIMENT OF INFANTRY.* By LIEUTENANT J. H. McRAE, 3D U. S. INFANTRY. ........In the reorganization of the army under the Act of 3 March 1815, the Third was consolidated with the 2d, 7th, and 44th, to form the First Regiment of Infantry; and a new Third was formed by the consolidation of the 1st, 17th, 24th, 28th, and 30th regiments. The Third Infantry, therefore, includes the oldest organization in the United States Army, – the original First Infantry, which was organized under a resolve of Congress of 3 June 1784. Colonel John Miller of the 17th was retained as colonel of the Third, Colonel Russell being honorably discharged. Lieutenant-Colonel Matthew Arbuckle, 3d Infantry, remained as lieutenant-colonel under the new organization, and Major Charles K. Gardner, the author of the designation of companies by the first letters of the alphabet, became major of the regiment. Major Gardner was succeeded the following year by Major Zachary Taylor, who was reinstated as major of the Third Infantry, having been honorably discharged at the time of the reorganization. He was promoted to the 4th Infantry 20 April 1819. For the next eleven years the regiment was stationed along the Great Lakes and vicinity, garrisoning at different times the posts of Detroit, Mackinac, Forts Howard, Dearborn, Knox, Harrison, Wayne, Crawford, etc. The headquarters were at Detroit from 1815 till 1821, when they were transferred to Fort Howard, remaining at the latter place until the summer of 1826. Upon the resignation of Colonel Miller, 10 February 1818, Lieutenant-Colonel Joseph Lee Smith, 3d Infantry, became colonel of the regiment, and remained in command until the reorganization of the army in June, 1821, when he was honorably discharged and Colonel Ninian Pinkney became colonel of the Third in his place. In 1826 the regiment was transferred to Missouri, and in September was at "Camp Miller," where it assisted in the construction of a new post which subsequently was named Jefferson Barracks. In the spring of 1827 Colonel Leavenworth (who had succeeded Colonel Pinkney upon the death of the latter in December, 1825), with Companies B, D, E and H, selected the present site of Fort Leavenworth, and in April of the following year the entire regiment, except Companies C and G at Fort Armstrong, was concentrated at Cantonment Leavenworth, but in the spring of 1829 returned to Jefferson Barracks. Companies E and K, under Captain Lewis, left Jefferson Barracks 26 November, and arrived at camp on Black Creek, Choctaw Nation, 31 December. Companies A, C, G and I, forming the first battalion, under Major S. W. Kearny, left Jefferson Barracks, 14 December 1830, for service in the Choctaw Nation, and arrived at Natchitoches, on the Red River, where it went into camp, on the 31st. In November, 1831, this battalion took station at Cantonment Towson, Choctaw Nation, near the southeast corner of what is now the Indian Territory. In September of that year the field and staff, with Companies B, D, F and H, were transferred from Jefferson Barracks to Cantonment Jesup, Louisiana, where the headquarters of the regiment were established and remained, except for a few short intervals, until ordered to Florida in the fall of 1840. General Orders of 12 February 1834, placed Colonel Leavenworth in command of the Left Wing, Western Department, and while on an expedition in what is now the Indian Territory, he died at "Cross Timbers," 120 miles west of Fort Towson, on the 21 July following. He was succeeded by Colonel James Many, who joined at Fort Jesup and assumed command of the regiment 3 January 1835. Colonel Many remained colonel of the regiment, though unqualified by age and physical disability for active service, until his death, 3 February 1852, when he was succeeded by Colonel Thomas Staniford, promoted from the Eighth. Colonel Staniford never joined, and upon his death just three years later, he was succeeded by Colonel Benjamin L. E. Bonneville, whose adventures are made famous by Irving, promoted from the Fourth Infantry. Colonel Bonneville joined the following December and assumed command of the regiment, which he retained until his retirement, 9 September 1861. In the spring of 1837 Companies B and E, under Brevet Major Belknap, were detached from the garrison of Fort Jesup to the Sabine River for the purpose of opening it up to steamboat navigation from Cook's Ferry to its mouth, a distance of about 300 miles. The two companies first formed a camp for the purpose of building boats by which means to descend and improve the course of the river, opposite Sabine Town, Texas. Starting on the downward course 23 September, when the river was about at its lowest, the work of removing snags and overhanging trees was commenced and progressed from day to day until the "Raft," or great jam of logs, was encountered nearly half way from Cook's Ferry to the head of Sabine Bay. This was an almost solid mass of surface and sunken timber completely blocking the river from bank to bank. The work of cutting out a practicable channel through the obstructing mass was finally effected through the incessant labor of two weeks, and upon arriving at the mouth of the river the command crossed Sabine Bay to a point on the Louisiana side, where it arrived and went into camp 27 November. The companies remained there until the following summer when they returned to Fort Jesup. Having been ordered to join the army in Florida the entire regiment was, during the month of October, 1840, en route to Fort Brooke, Tampa Bay, via New Orleans, and by 20 November was concentrated at Fort Brooke, Major Wilson commanding, Colonel Many being on sick leave and Lieutenant-Colonel Vose on detached service as superintendent of the general recruiting service. For the next two and a half years the regiment bore its full share of the hardships and arduous duties incident to the Florida War. From Fort Brooke the companies were dispersed to numerous detached posts and camps throughout middle and west Florida and along the Georgia border, constantly engaged the year round, patrolling and scouting the surrounding country and swamps in search of, and to protect settlers against, small bands of marauding Indians. Major Wilson commanded the regiment and the Western District until relieved by Colonel Vose, 22 November 1841, who continued in command until 29 March of the following year, when, having been promoted to the 4th Infantry, he was in turn relieved by Major Wilson. The latter having been promoted to the First Infantry, was relieved in command 25 July 1842, by Captain Clark, the senior officer present. Lieutenant-Colonel Hitchcock joined and assumed command of Fort Stansbury and the Western District on the 12th, and of the regiment on the 29 October, which command he retained during the remainder of the war. After the pacification of 14 August 1842, the troops remaining in Florida (the Third and Eighth Regiments of Infantry and six companies of the Fourth) were concentrated, detached camps being drawn in and a number of posts abandoned. The headquarters of the Third were at Fort Stansbury, 12 miles from Tallahassee. The aggregate strength of the regiment at this time was 690 men. Three companies were stationed at Cantonment Morgan, Horse Key; and one company each at Forts Pleasants, Robert Gamble, Hamilton, Stansbury, Ocilla, and Brooke. Although General Worth's order of 14 August announced that hostilities with the Indians had ceased, yet they were to be carefully watched by the military, and those who violated their treaty agreements to be secured if possible and removed to their new home in Arkansas. Tiger Tail, the most noted chief remaining in Florida, and who had been the principal instrument in protracting the war three years, disregarding his promise to move south to the allotted reservation, was surprised and captured in his camp by Lieutenant T. Jordan, 3d Infantry, with a detachment of 20 men. A band of Creeks under the chief Pascoffer, on the Ocklockonnee River, was causing much apprehension along the border of West Florida. Lieutenant-Colonel Hitchcock, commanding Third Infantry, stationed at Fort Stansbury, was ordered to besiege the country by land and water, with boats, mounted men and foot men. These operations, characterized by great skill and energy on Colonel Hitchcock's part, seconded by the zealous exertions of the officers of the regiment, resulted in the surrender of Pascoffer and his band of 51 souls (29 warriors) 9 January 1843. By this capture middle and west Florida were relieved entirely of Indians, and the whole territory of the most inveterate of her foes. Peace being at last restored to Florida, the regular force remaining in the Territory was reduced to one regiment – the Eighth Infantry, and the Third was sent to Jefferson Barracks, where it arrived and reestablished the regimental headquarters on the 22 April 1843. During the regiment's service in Florida it had lost three men killed, and three officers and 65 men who died of disease. In the summer of 1843 the eight companies of the regiment stationed at Jefferson Barracks (K and I having been detached to Fort Leavenworth shortly after the return of the regiment from Florida) and eight companies of the Fourth, were formed into a school for brigade drill under Colonel Kearny, and so thoroughly were they drilled and disciplined during the summer and fall of 1843, and the winter of 1843– 44, that they gained a reputation throughout the service which placed them in the forefront of the army. In the spring of 1844 the entire regiment was transferred to Camp Wilkins, near Fort Jesup, and with the Fourth Infantry at Camp Salubrity and seven companies of the Second Dragoons at Fort Jesup, became the "Army of Observation" under General Zachary Taylor. During the summer of 1845 the regiment was transferred to Corpus Christi, Texas, where it arrived in the early part of August, and with the 4th, 5th, 7th, and 8th Regiments of Infantry, seven companies of the Second Dragoons, four batteries of light artillery, and one regiment of heavy artillery serving as infantry – about 3000 in all – became the "Army of Observation of Texas," still under the command of General Taylor. The regiment remained in camp at Corpus Christi until 11 March 1846, when, as part of the Third Brigade, it took up the march for the Rio, Grande with Captain Lewis N. Morris in command. Lieutenant-Colonel Hitchcock was absent sick, and did not afterwards serve with the regiment during the war, but was on General Scott's staff as inspector general of the army, during the campaign from Vera Cruz to the City of Mexico. Arriving at the Rio Grande on the 29th at a point directly opposite the city of Matamoras, the regiment went into camp, where it furnished its daily quota of officers and men for duty in the construction of the field work afterwards called Fort Brown. On the 1 May, the work being sufficiently advanced, the commanding general made a movement towards the coast for the purpose of establishing a base of supplies. The Third Infantry, forming a part of the command, arrived at Point Isabel on the 2d, and remained there until the afternoon of the 7th, at which time the army commenced its march for its former position opposite Matamoras. The regiment was engaged in the actions of Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma on 8 and 9 May, in the latter warmly, but it fortunately escaped with but little loss, the sergeant major and one private being killed, and one officer and six enlisted men wounded. The regiment, with one company of the Second Dragoons and one battery of artillery, was ordered to pursue the enemy after Resaca de la Palma, which it did with vigor, halting only on the bank of the Rio Grande, where it bivouacked for the night and where it remained until the 11th when it moved to the old camp opposite Matamoras. Major Lear joined from sick leave on the 16th and assumed command of the regiment. Crossing the river on the 18th the regiment remained in camp near Matamoras until the movement upon Monterey commenced in July. While in camp at Matamoras Companies A, B, E and G, having the smallest number of officers present, were temporarily broken up, the privates being transferred to other companies and the officers, non-commissioned officers and musicians sent on recruiting service. Company A was afterwards reorganized at Vera Cruz, when D was broken up and the men transferred to A. Companies B, D and E, were reorganized and joined the headquarters of the regiment at Puebla in August, 1847. Company G was reorganized at Governor's Island the following year and joined at Puebla on the regiment's return march from the City of Mexico. In the latter part of July the Third, brigaded with the Fourth with Colonel Garland as brigade commander, commenced the advance into the interior. Marching first to Camargo, thence to Monterey, it was warmly engaged in the actions which ensued on the 21 to 23 September. On the 21st the regiment formed part of the assaulting column upon the eastern defenses of the city, which were gallantly carried, with a loss, however, to the regiment of six of its most gallant and valuable officers and 16 men killed; and one officer (Captain Bainbridge) and 29 men wounded, – a total loss of 52 out of an effective strength of 14 officers and 248 men. The following named officers were killed: Captains L. N. Morris, P. N. Barbour, and G. P. Field, and Lieutenants D. S. Irwin and Robert Hazlitt. The last named was killed while fearlessly exposing himself in attempting to place his mortally wounded commanding officer under cover. Major Lear died 31 October of the wounds then received. Upon the death of Major Lear the command of the regiment devolved upon Captain Bainbridge, who, upon his promotion to the 7th Infantry in the following February, was succeeded by Captain E. B. Alexander who retained the command until the close of the war. After the surrender of Monterey on the 24 September the regiment was encamped at Walnut Springs, about four miles from the city, where it remained until 13 December, when it, together with most of the regular troops under General Taylor, took up the line of march for Tampico, en route to Vera Cruz. At Tampico the troops embarked for the general rendezvous at Lobos Island, thence to Vera Cruz, where they landed 9 March 1847, and the regiment took part in the siege of the place which followed. After the capture of Vera Cruz, General Scott's army was detained a month awaiting transportation, and then began that brilliant and wonderful march to the City of Mexico, during which there was not even a skirmish in which our troops were not victorious, and always against greatly superior numbers (sometimes three to one) posted in strong works and natural defenses. The Third Infantry was still in Smith's Brigade, Twiggs' Division, which was the first to leave Vera Cruz, taking up the line of 8 march April 1847. The enemy was first discovered strongly posted on the heights of Cerro Gordo, the first high spur of mountain met with on the national road from Vera Cruz to the City of Mexico. In the battle of 18 April, the regiment was commanded by Captain Alexander, and with the 7th Infantry and 1st Artillery, under Colonel Harney, 2d Dragoons (General Smith being sick), formed the assaulting column to carry the heights of Telegrafo, the key point of the enemy's position, which was crowned with artillery and strengthened with palisades and breastworks. This strong and important position was carried by a brilliant charge – the Seventh on the right, the Third on the left, and the First Artillery in rear as support. General Scott makes special mention of this charge in his report of the battle. After explaining the great importance of carrying the position and naming the troops detached for the purpose, he says: "The style of execution, which I had the pleasure to witness, was most brilliant and decisive. The brigade ascended the long and difficult slope of Cerro Gordo, without shelter and under tremendous fire of artillery and musketry, with the utmost steadiness, reaching the breastworks drove the enemy from them, planted the colors of the First Artillery, Third and Seventh Infantry, the enemy's flag still flying, and after some minutes of sharp firing finished the conquest with the bayonet. It is a most pleasing duty to say that the highest praise is due to Harney, Childs, Plympton, Loring, Alexander, their gallant officers and men, for this brilliant service, independent of the great results which followed." The Telegrafo being captured there was but a feeble and brief resistance offered at other points. Our army gained a most complete and decisive victory. The Third formed part of the pursuing column, which so hotly pressed the retreating army that nearly the whole of it was dispersed and disorganized. The losses of the regiment in this battle were 9 men killed or mortally wounded; and two officers (Lieutenants Ward and Bee) and 24 men wounded. The victorious army now moved on to Jalapa and from there to Puebla. As the time of about 4000 of General Scott's volunteers had expired, the army was delayed here until August before sufficient reinforcements were received to warrant an advance. The onward movement from Puebla commenced 7 August, with Twiggs' Division, to which the Third still belonged, again in advance, it being a rule with General Scott that one of the two regular divisions should always be in front. From Puebla to the City of Mexico is about 160 miles, and the army, having crossed the Rio Frio Mountains without opposition, descended into the basin in which the city is situated and arrived at Ayotla 11 August, at which place and along Lake Chalco, the army was concentrated preparatory to an advance upon the City of Mexico. The Third Infantry, still under Captain Alexander and in Smith's Brigade, – which was temporarily commanded by Major Dimick, 1st Artillery, General Smith being in command of all the forces which made the attack,-was warmly engaged and took a gallant and important part in the battle of 19 August and 20th, the first of those remarkable battles around and in view of the City of Mexico, and which resulted in the capture on the morning of the 20th of the important position of El Pedregal, or Contreras. On the afternoon of the same day – 20 August – the most severe of all the battles fought in the basin of Mexico took place at the hamlet of Churubusco, which contained a fortified convent and a strong field work at the head of the bridge over which the causeway to the capital passed. Immediately after the victory of Contreras General Scott moved his little army, confident of another victory, against these strong works held by at least three times his numbers, the whole remaining force of Mexico being assembled in or in supporting distance of them, with the determination to make a last desperate stand to save their beloved capital. To Twiggs' Division was given the capture of the citadel of the works, the strongly fortified convent, and in the assault which followed the ever gallant "Buff Sticks"* played the most conspicuous part. That part is best told in General Scott's own words. In his report of the battle he says: "Finally, twenty minutes after the tête de pont had been carried by A designation by which the regiment was universally known on account of its clean, soldierly appearance at all times. Worth and Pillow, and at the end of a desperate conflict of two hours and a half, the church or convent – the citadel of the strong line of defense along the rivulet of Churubusco – yielded to Twiggs' Division and threw out on all sides signals of surrender. The white flags, however, were not exhibited until the moment when the Third Infantry, under Captain Alexander, had cleared the way by fire and bayonet and had entered the work. Captains J. M. Smith and O. L. Shepherd, both of that regiment, with their companies had the glory of leading the assault. The former received the surrender and Captain Alexander instantly hung out from the balcony the colors of the gallant Third." The following extract is from the report of the Mexican officer in command: "The first to present himself upon the parapet was the valiant Captain James M. Smith of the Third Infantry, who gave an example of valor to many following him; and no less magnanimous than daring, scarcely had he ascertained that now, on our part, no resistance was made, than he showed a white flag." The losses of the regiment at Contreras and Churubusco were six men killed; one missing; and three officers (Captains Craig and Chandler, and Lieutenant Buell) and 26 men wounded. After their defeats at Contreras and Churubusco, and after losing in killed and prisoners a number equal to our entire army, and treble as much ordnance as our army had in its siege train and field batteries, the enemy fell back to the very gates of the city. Pending negotiations for peace between the two governments an armistice was agreed upon, which went into effect 23 August, and our army went into cantonment in the neighboring villages along the slopes of the mountains to the south of the city. The Mexicans were so enraged by the ultimatum given by our government on 2 September, that they immediately commenced to strengthen their defenses, in violation of the terms of truce, whereupon General Scott declared the armistice at an end and commenced preparations to enter the capital, resulting in the battles of Molino del Rey, Chapultepec, and Mexico, on 8, 13 and 14 September , respectively. General Smith's Brigade having been left at San Angel as a reserve and as a guard to the general depot, the Third did not participate in the capture of Molino del Rey, but was actively and gallantly engaged in the other battles. On the 12th Companies D and I were detached to support the battery engaged in bombarding the Mexican fortifications at the Garita Ninio, Perdido. On the same evening a selected party of three officers and 57 men was detached to form a part of the storming party of regular troops against the fortress of Chapultepec. On the morning of the 13th the main body of the regiment (Companies D and I having not yet joined) moved forward to support the attack upon that strong fortress, Smith's Brigade having reinforced Quitman's Division and forming the right of the column. Chapultepec was carried about 9.30 A. M. on the 13th, and the regiment then pushed forward in pursuit of the retreating army, and participated in the taking of the different batteries along the Belên causeway leading into the city, particularly at the Garita de Belên, or southwest gate of the city, which was taken with considerable loss, the troops being under both direct and flank fire from the strong fortress, called the Citadel, just within the gate, and from behind the stone pillars and arches of the aqueduct along the road. Here the regiment, Companies D and I having joined late in the afternoon, remained during the night. Worth's Division had pursued the enemy along the San Cosme causeway and had also entered the city by the San Cosme gate. These victories of 13 September closed the active operations of the war. Early on the morning of the 14th, the Third, which had so signally distinguished itself during this war, was among the first (Quitman's Division) who marched into the grand plaza of the city and hoisted the Stars and Stripes over the "Halls of the Montezumas."* General Santa Anna had evacuated the city during the night, but before doing so had liberated some 2000 convicts, who, joined by about as many others – deserters and populace – caused considerable annoyance and casualty to the army when it entered the city, by firing upon it from house tops, etc. The Third was engaged during the greater part of the 14th in suppressing this outbreak, with severe loss to the regiment. On the 13 and 14 September, 12 were killed or mortally wounded, and 48 wounded. During the whole war the regiment lost 52 (including six officers) killed, and 140 (including seven officers) wounded.† The war was now over, but following the excitement of the recent battles and the capture of the city, irregular diet, etc., many men of the regiment fell sick and died. The returns show that from April till December, 1847, there were 120 deaths in the regiment from disease. The army remained in and around the City of Mexico until the following June, when the treaty of peace having been ratified by the United States Senate, the evacuation commenced. The Third Infantry left the city on the Morning of the 5th, and arrived at Vera Cruz 3 July. Left Vera Cruz on the 9th on the ship Masconomo, and arrived at Camp Jefferson Davis, East Pascagoula, Miss., 21 July 1848, In October and November Headquarters and Companies A, B, C, E, I and K, were transferred to Texas, taking station at Camp Salado, four miles from San Antonio; and Companies D, F, G and H, to Jefferson Barracks, where they remained until the following April when they were sent to Fort Leavenworth. During the winter of 1848–49, while the Texas battalion under Brevet Major Van Horne was encamped on the Salado River, at about 1 o'clock on a quiet starlit morning the sentinel over the storehouse suddenly found himself walking in water. He gave the alarm and in an instant the hitherto peaceful camp was in a furore of excitement and terror, for as men, women and children tumbled out of bed, they found themselves in water. When There is a drum-major's baton now in possession of the regiment, presented to it by its old brigade commander, General Persifor F. Smith, the wooden portion of which is part of the flagstaff of the capitol building, or national palace, of Mexico, and the metal portion is made of Mexican silver. † Of the officers serving with the Third Infantry during the Mexican War, six afterwards became major generals of volunteers during the Civil War, and one a major general and one a brigadier general in the C. S. A. the sun arose that morning the insignificant rill of the night before had become a sea of raging waters, in some places two or more miles in width. Every vestige of the camp was completely swept away by the force of the torrent, but such had been the promptness, efficiency and discipline of all concerned that only one life was lost, that of a non-commissioned officer of the regimental staff, supposed to have been drowned in his sleep. His body was never recovered. The regiment lost everything, – clothing, baggage, personal effects, private papers, etc., while the Government lost arms, ammunition, quartermaster and subsistence stores, everything except the horses and mules which had saved themselves and helped to save the women and children. The force of the flood was so great, that, with the exception of one armchest full of muskets found lodged in adrift in the Cibolo River, some 50 miles below the camp, nothing was ever recovered. During the month of May, 1849, there were 35 deaths from cholera in the companies at Camp Salado and 11 in the battalion at Fort Leavenworth. On the 1 June 1849, the six companies in Texas under Major Van Horne were sent to El Paso del Norte; arriving at camp five miles below El Paso 8 September, a distance of about 670 miles. Companies D, F, G and H, under Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel Alexander (who was also commanding the regiment), left Fort Leavenworth about the middle of May for Santa Fé, where they arrived 22 July. The entire regiment was now in New Mexico, headquarters and three companies being at Santa Fé; two companies at the post opposite El Paso; and the others scattered along the Rio Grande as far north as Taos, N. M. The regiment remained in New Mexico until 1860, and the returns show the different companies to have been almost continuously on the march (while not engaged in building new posts) changing stations, escorting trains over hundreds of miles of trackless wilderness infested with hostile Indians, on exploring expeditions, scouts, and campaigns against Indians. The following is a list of the engagements with Indians, and some of the more important expeditions in which portions of the regiment took part during this time: 1849. 16 August to September, 26; expedition against Navajo Indians; Companies D, F, G and H. 17 October to 12 November; expedition against Apache Indians; Company E. 1852. 6 February; engagement with Apaches near Fort Webster; Company K; three men killed. 19 February to 31 March; expedition against Apaches on Gila River; Company B. 6 June; Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel L. S. Craig was shot and killed by two deserters from Fort Yuma, while in command of the International Boundary Line Survey escort, of which his company (A) formed part. 1854. 6 April to 15 June; expedition against the Jicarilla Apaches; Company G. 14 April to 11 May; scout into the White Mountains against Mescalero Apaches; Company C. 18 June to 15 August; expedition against Mescalero Apaches near head of Rio Yula; Companies A. E and I. 30 June, Lieutenant J. E. Maxwell killed in action with Jicarilla Apaches near Moro River, 40 miles south of Fort Union, while in command of a detachment of the Second Dragoons. 1856. March; expedition against Gila and Mogollan Apaches; Companies A and I, which marched between 500 and 600 miles during the month and engaged the enemy at Sierra Almagre on the 21st, and near Rio Meimbris on the 29th. March 2o; engagement with Apaches, Fort Thorn; detachments of D, F and I. 1857. 31 January to 5 February; expedition to Cañon Medera against Apaches; Company I. April to September; expedition against the Gila and Mogollon Apaches, under Colonel Bonneville; Companies B, C, I and K and detachment of E, with following engagements: 24 May, Cañon de los Muertos Carneros, B and detachment E; 2 June, Mogollon Mountains, C and detachment F; 27 June, Gila River with Coyotero Apaches, C and detachments of F and K; one officer and three men wounded with arrows. 1858. 1 January to 11 February; scout against Kiowa Indians in neighborhood of Manzana; Company F. March to September; Mormon expedition into Utah; Companies A, E and F. 30 May; engagement with Navajo Indians at Ewell's hay camp near Fort Defiance; detachments of B and G. September, October and November; campaign against Navajos; engagements: 19 September to 24, Cañon de Chelly, Company G; 25 September, Laguna Negra, Company B; 1 October, Bear Springs, Company B; 10 October, Ranchos de los Anagones, Company G; 9 November, near Fort Defiance, Company F. 1859. 27 January to 5 February; scouts into the Pueblo Indian country near Zuni; Company B. 18 July to 17 August; Scout to Moqui villages and region south and west of Fort Defiance; Company K. August and September; scouts into the Navajo country; Companies C, D, E and K. 1 November to 12; campaign against Tuni-Cha Navajos; Companies B, C and G. 14 November; engagement with Tuni-Cha Navajo Indians near Fort Defiance; detachments of B, C, E and G. 1860. 17 January; engagement with Navajos near Fort Defiance; detachments of B, C, E and G. 18 January to 22; engagements with Navajos near Fort Defiance and Sixteen Mile Pond; detachments of B, C, E, F and G. 8 February; engagement with Navajos near Fort Defiance; detachments of B, C, E and G. 5 April; engagement with Navajos near Fort Defiance; detachment of B. 30 April; attack on Fort Defiance by Navajos;* Companies B, C and E. For full account see "Reminiscences of Fort Defiance, N. M., 1860," published in No. 13. JOURNAL OF THE MILITARY SERVICE INSTITUTION. During the summer and fall of 1860 the regiment was transferred from the Department of New Mexico to that of Texas, where the companies were distributed as follows: – Headquarters and Companies B, D, G, H and K, at Fort Clark, Colonel Bonneville commanding; Companies A, C and E, at Ringgold Barracks, Lieutenant-Colonel Electus Backus commanding; Companies F and I at Fort McIntosh, Major C. C. Sibley commanding. These were the stations of the different companies at the close of the year 1860. As the mighty war clouds which hovered over the country were then fast lowering, the regular troops stationed in Texas were ordered to evacuate that State by way of the coast. Headquarters and Companies B, D, G, H and K, under Brevet Major O. L. Shepherd (Colonel Bonneville on leave), left Fort Clark 19 March 1861, and arrived at Indianola on 7 April. The line of march took them through the city of San Antonio, just before reaching which instructions were received from Colonel Waite (who had relieved General Twiggs of the command of the Department), that, as there was some excitement among the citizens of the place, it would be well if the command marched around the city. "However, the old regiment was not in the habit of sneaking around by the by-ways when the main road was open, and Major Shepherd called a council of the officers; the matter was laid before them, and without a dissenting voice it was determined that the trunks and boxes should be opened and full dress uniform gotten out and put on, band instruments unpacked, and the regimental flags removed from their cases; and that we should march through San Antonio with everything that we possessed flying, blowing and beating; so that for awhile everything was in confusion, and the leeward side of every wagon in the train became an extemporized dressing-room." Thus they entered and passed through the town with "colors flying, band playing, and every man and officer as fine as brass and bullion could make him."* At Indianola the command embarked for New York Harbor, where it arrived 25 April. Companies C and E had embarked for Fort Hamilton, N.Y. Harbor, the month before. From there they were sent to Fort Pickens, Florida, where they arrived 16 April, and participated in the following engagements before joining the headquarters of the regiment the ensuing year: Santa Rosa Island, 9 October; bombardment of Fort Pickens, 22 November and 23; Fort Barrancas, 1 January; and Fort Pickens, 9 May to 12. The companies lost two men killed and seven wounded. Companies A, F and I, less fortunate, were compelled to surrender to an overwhelming force of Confederates under Colonel Van Dorn, at Matagorda Bay, near Indianola, 26 April, the men and officers being paroled until such time as they could be exchanged. They rejoined the headquarters of the regiment the following year, every enlisted man being reported "present or accounted for," although many had received tempting offers of commissions in the Confederate service. The headquarters and battalion of five companies left Fort Hamilton... Major Bell on the evacuation of Texas by the Third Infantry. ... for Washington 9 May, and in the early part of June the battalion was ordered to reinforce General Patterson's command. It went by rail to Carlisle, Pa., and marched to and forded the Potomac near Williamsport, making part of one day's march toward the enemy, when it was recalled to Washington, making a forced march while returning which rivalled – at least in the amount of fatigue it imposed – the famous retreat from Bull Run, the command being on their feet and marching for twenty hours out of twenty-four. On 4 July the battalion was transferred from Washington to Arlington Heights where it remained until the 16th, when, with two companies of the Second and one of the Eighth Infantry, all formed into one battalion under Major George Sykes, it took its place in the column starting out on that short and memorable campaign ending in the disastrous battle of Bull Run. This "small but incomparable body of infantry," the only regular infantry in the column, formed part of the First Brigade (Porter's), Second Division (Hunter's). It is impossible in the limits of this sketch to give more than the briefest outline of the part taken by the regiment in this campaign or in any of the campaigns and battles which followed, but it is not necessary to do more, as that part is a portion of the written history of our country. Its gallant conduct in this, the first great battle of the war, its unflinching steadfastness and perfect order in covering the flight of the panic stricken army, was but a presage of that which was to distinguish it throughout the war. The regiment lost in this battle five men killed, 26 missing, and four wounded; also two officers wounded and taken prisoners. After the battle of Bull Run the battalion returned to Washington and there formed part of the Provost Guard. A few days after its return it was reviewed by President Lincoln accompanied by General McDowell. "In their passage down the line they drew rein in front of the colors, when the general, turning to Mr. Lincoln, said, 'Mr. President, there are the men who saved your army at Bull Run.' The President, looking up and down the line, replied, 'I've heard of them.'" During the winter of 1861–62 the battalion of the regiment, brigaded with the Tenth Infantry, remained encamped at Franklin Square. Two of the paroled companies (F and I) having been exchanged, joined during the winter from Fort Hamilton. Companies C and E joined from Florida the following June in time to participate in the seven day's fight on the Peninsula. Company A did not join until the following fall when the whole regiment was once more united. In March, 1862, the Third left Washington for Fortress Monroe to join McClellan's army previous to its advance to Yorktown. It was commanded by Major N. B. Rossell (Colonel Charles F. Smith, who had succeeded Colonel Bonneville upon his retirement in September, 1861, being on detached service as major general of volunteers) and formed part of the Regular Brigade, commanded by General Sykes. The regiment participated in the siege of Yorktown and in the Seven Days' Fight, taking a very conspicuous and gallant part in the battle of Gaines' Mill, 27 June, when its commanding officer and six men were killed, 19 men wounded, and 19 missing; and of Malvern Hill, 30 June and 2 July, in which Lieutenant McGuire and four men were killed, 11 men wounded and 9 missing. Upon the death of Major Rossell the command of the regiment devolved upon Captain John D. Wilkins, who retained it until the following spring. Colonel Smith died 25 April 1862, and Colonel William Hoffman, promoted from the Eighth Infantry, became colonel of the regiment and remained such until the consolidation in 1869. He did not serve with the regiment, however, during the war, being on detached service as commissary general of prisoners. From the Peninsula the regiment, with its division (now become Sykes' Division of Regulars) was transferred to the Army of Virginia under General Pope – joining in time to participate in the second battle of Bull Run, in which no regiment played a more prominent rôle than the 3d Infantry. It arrived on the old battle-field about 7 o'clock on the morning of the 30th. A short time afterwards its brigade was formed in line of battle in front of the Dogan House, and the regiment ordered forward, as skirmishers, to occupy the crest of the hill in their front, their left resting on the Alexandria and Warrenton turnpike. It remained in this position about three hours when orders were received to advance the line. This was promptly and gallantly done, driving the enemy from some houses in front of their left – several men of the regiment being killed and wounded here. But it was later in the day that the regiment and brigade was to conspicuously distinguish themselves – when the division to which they belonged was to make a charge and cover a retreat destined to become historical for the steadfastness and intrepidity of the participants in it. It "saved the army," and drew, on the field of battle, from General MacDowell, the memorable exclamation, "God bless the regulars!" The regiment's losses in this battle were two officers and fourteen men wounded and thirty-one men missing, total fifty-two. At Antietam the division was held in reserve at least most of the time, and did not, therefore, take as prominent a part as usual in the battle. It left Middletown on the morning of 15 September, crossed South Mountain, and reaching the east bank of Antietam River, took position behind some hills on the left of the turnpike leading direct to Sharpsburg. The Third Infantry was at once thrown out as skirmishers and occupied the crest of the river bank to the right and left of the bridge. It remained in this position all night and until relieved by the 4th Infantry, about 10 o'clock next morning. During the 16th and 17th, it remained in reserve, although exposed to a heavy fire from the enemy's artillery. On the 19th the regiment moved forward, with its division, in pursuit of the retreating enemy, passed through Sharpsburg, and on the 20th bivouacked near the Potomac opposite Blackford's Fort. Skirmishers were here thrown out in front of each brigade and a desultory fire maintained with those of the enemy on the Virginia side. At the battle of Fredericksburg, which came next, the division of regulars first acted as support to the attack on Marye's Hill. It left its bivouac at Falmouth on the afternoon of the 13th, and moved towards the upper pontoon bridge, the 3d leading the advance. The moment the head of the column showed itself, the enemy opened fire upon it with shot and shell, and, while awaiting an opportunity to cross, the regiment lost three men wounded – one mortally. After effecting a crossing, the regiment, depositing their knapsacks in the street, moved hurriedly towards the scene of action, arriving at the southern edge of the city at the moment the attack on the enemy's outworks was repulsed, and encountering part of the fire of the enemy, by which several men were wounded. The regiment was then ordered to the right and took position in the cemetery. About midnight it advanced out on the plank road, relieved a portion of Humphries' Division, and with the 4th Infantry took position behind a tannery. Skirmishers were thrown out some three hundred yards to the right. At daybreak the enemy's pickets and sharpshooters opened a brisk fire upon them, from their intrenchments, but a stone's throw away, when they were withdrawn, but not until some were killed and several wounded. They still remained under constant front and enfilading fire from the enemy, within one hundred yards, securely sheltered behind stone walls and rifle pits, and, as General Sykes said in his report of the battle, "could offer no resistance only the moral effect of that hardihood and bravery which would not yield one foot of the line they were required to protect. No better test of the qualities of troops could be shown than that displayed by these brigades. Patience, endurance, discipline and courage were conspicuous." About 11 A. M., the 3d and 4th effected an entrance into the tannery with their bayonets, through the brick walls. They soon after loopholed the walls and from these and the windows they succeeded in driving the enemy from the houses and rifle- pits on the right, relieving the brigade, in great measure, from the fire of the sharpshooters during the remainder of the day. At 12 o'clock that night the regiment was relieved, having held the position 24 hours, and proceeded to the city and bivouacked near St. George's Church. During the evening of the 15th it changed position three times. Toward morning it was placed in front and nearest the enemy, where it remained until the whole army had crossed safely to the northern banks of the Rappahannock, when it received orders to fall back, being the last to recross the river. The losses in this battle were three men killed and 12 wounded. Shortly after this, while in camp at Henry House, the regiment was reorganized. Its strength present having been reduced to 12 officers and 408 enlisted men, Companies A, D, E and H were broken up, the men transferred and the officers attached to other companies. It remained a six company organization until the close of the war. The regiment took part in Burnside's famous "Mud March," and, later, in the battles of Dowall's Tavern and Chancellorsville. In the latter it moved with the attacking column and participated in the engagements of 1 May. On 2 through 5 May, it held its position in the line of battle. It also assisted here in driving back to the field of battle some of the fugitives of the Eleventh Corps. The losses in this battle were four men wounded and four missing. Gettysburg came next. As part of the First Brigade of Regulars it arrived on the battle-field early in the morning of 2 July, having on the three consecutive days previous marched over 62 miles. It first acted as reserve for the right and centre, but during the afternoon was hastily sent to the left, where it participated in the fierce fighting around the Round Tops and near Devil's Den, where the slaughter of the regular infantry was so fearful. But they "once more justified their old reputation; not a single man left the ranks, and they allowed themselves to be decimated without flinching. Eleven hundred combatants only out of an effective force of 2000 are left standing." Captain Freedly, who commanded the regiment, was so seriously wounded in the knee that he never rejoined the regiment and was ultimately retired. Lieutenants Butler, Parker and Morton were wounded, 8 men were killed, 61 wounded, six mortally, and two were missing, making a total loss of 75 out of an effective strength of less than 300. The remnants of the regiment, now under Captain Lay, remained in line of battle all day during the 3d. On the 4th it was sent out on reconnoissance and had a brisk skirmish with the enemy, after which it returned to its station below Little Round Top, but was immediately sent out again on the front line of pickets. It remained on picket that night and until the pursuit of the enemy commenced the next day. During the summer of 1863 the regiment was sent to New York, where it arrived 21 August, to assist in suppressing the Draft Riots. Leaving New York 14 September it again took the field and participated in the operations which led up to, and was engaged in, the battle of Rappahannock Station, 7 November, one man being wounded. It took part in the Mine Run campaign, 26 November to 2 December, after which it was again sent to New York Harbor where it remained, stationed at Forts Richmond, Hamilton and Columbus, until October, 1864, when it was transferred to Washington and stationed at Camp Relief in the northern outskirts of the city. In February, 1865, the regiment, with a total strength present of only 11 officers and 212 men, was again sent to the Army of the Potomac. It joined at Petersburg, and was stationed from that time until the end of the war at General Meade's headquarters, participating in all the subsequent engagements of the Army of the Potomac until the final surrender of Lee's army at Appomattox. Thus ended the war, the Third having borne a meritorious part in 21 battles and sieges, losing in killed, wounded and missing a total of 267 men, – a number equal to its average strength present during the war. In the celebrated race between Sherman and Meade after the surrender of the Confederate armies, when both strove to reach the city of Washington the first, the Third marched (by odometer) 82½ miles in three days, and this a greater part of the time in rain and mud. In the grand review of the armies before President Lincoln, the Third, as part of the Provost Guard, was the leading infantry regiment of the column. On 4 July the regiment, with the 10th Infantry, was ordered in haste to General Wright's headquarters, a few miles away, to quell the threatened mutiny in the Provisional Corps, or proposed "Corps of Observation." It remained on duty there until the 27th, when it was transferred to the barracks at Washington Arsenal. In the fall the regiment was transferred by rail to St. Louis, where it arrived 29 October. Here Companies A, D, E and H, were reorganized 19 December 595 recruits having been received. In the spring of 1866 the regiment, now commanded by Colonel (bvt. M. G.) Hoffman who had joined during the winter, left St. Louis for Kansas and the Indian Territory, where it remained for the next eight years. The following is a chronological list of engagements of portions of the regiment with hostile Indians during this time. 1867. 23 May; Big Timbers, Kan.; detachment of E. 11 June; near Big Timbers, Kan.; detachment of E. 15 June ; Big Timbers, Kan.; detachment of E. 3 July; near Goose Creek, Colo.; detachment of E. 22 September; Pawnee Fork Bluff, Kan.; detachment of A. 1868. 2 September; Little Coon Creek, Kan.; detachments of A, F and H 11 September to 15; Sand Hills, I. T.; Company F. 30 September; Big Bend, Kan.; Company D. 1 October; attack on Fort Zara, Kan.; Company D. 1 October; between Forts Larned and Dodge, Kan.; Company E. 3 October; Crow Creek, Kan.; detachment of D. 26 October; near Fort Dodge, Kan.; Company E. 19 November; near Fort Dodge, Kan.; Companies A and H. 1870. 31 May; Bear Creek, Kan.; detachments of B and F. 11 June; Camp Supply, L T.; Companies B, E and F. 1871. 2 July Fort Larned, Kan.; Companies C and E. 1874. 19 June; Buffalo Creek, I. T.; detachment of D. 21 June; Buffalo Creek, I. T.; detachment of A. 24 June; Lear Creek Redoubt, Kan.; detachment of A. In the reduction of the army in 1869, one-half of the 37th Infantry (Companies A, C, E, F and I) was consolidated with the Third, adding to the already long list of battles on her colors, those of Shiloh, Murfreesboro, Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, Resaca, New Hope Church, Kennesaw Mountain, Atlanta and Jonesboro. Colonel (bvt. M. G.) G. W. Getty and Lieutenant-Colonel (bvt. B. G.) John R. Brooke, both of the 37th, were transferred to the Third in place of Colonel (bvt. M. G.) Hoffman and Lieutenant-Colonel (bvt. B. G.) Alfred Sully, placed on the unassigned list. General Getty was transferred to the 3d Artillery, 31 December 1870, never having joined the regiment, and Colonel Floyd-Jones was transferred to the Third from the unassigned list. He joined at Fort Dodge, Kansas, the following June and retained command of the regiment until his retirement in 1879. In the early part of the summer of 1874 the regiment was transferred from Kansas to Holly Springs, Miss., where it was concentrated by the middle of July. It remained there in camp until the following September, when the headquarters and four companies took station at Jackson Barracks, La. Other companies were quartered in the city of New Orleans,and the remainder distributed to various points throughout the State. The regiment remained in the Department of the Gulf on duty in connection with the enforcement of the Civil Rights bill until July, 1877, when it was ordered to Pennsylvania in connection with the riots of that year. Portions of it were on duty at Indianapolis, Ind.; Newport Barracks, Ky.; and at Pittsburg, Scranton, and Wilkesbarre, Pa. By 3 September 1877, the entire regiment was concentrated at Wilkesbarre preparatory to a change of station to Montana. The headquarters and six companies were to go to Helena, and four companies with the lieutenant-colonel to Fort Missoula. The regiment left Wilkesbarre 21 September and arrived at Corrinne, Utah, on the 28th. From Corrinne the commands marched to their new stations, arriving on 7 and 14 November, respectively, and immediately went to work building quarters. In the spring of 1878 the headquarters and six companies left Helena for the Milk River country, General Brooke, – who was in command of the regiment and also the District of Montana (Colonel Floyd-Jones on leave), – having been ordered to select a site for a new post in that region. The present site of Fort Assinniboine having been selected, the command camped at the Marias River 23 July, and remained there until fall, when the headquarters went to Fort Shaw and took station, and the companies were distributed to various points in Montana. Company A took station at Fort Benton and Companies C and E at Fort Shaw. Companies F and G proceeded to Fort Belknap, thence 65 miles east following the course of the Milk River, where they captured 7 lodges of British half-breeds who had been causing trouble, and escorted them into Fort Belknap after having burnt their houses. The companies then took station at Fort Shaw. Company K was stationed at Fort Logan. During the summer of this year various scouting parties were sent out from the Missoula garrison to watch the different trails and mountain passes for bands of hostile Indians, but with one exception they did not come into contact with any. Lieutenant Wallace with a mounted detachment of 13 men of Companies B, H and I, one guide, and two other citizens, overtook a band of Nez Percés, 14 July, on the Middle Fork of Clearwater River, attacking them and, in a battle of two hours, killing 6 and wounding 3 Indians, and capturing 31 and killing 23 of the animals in their possession. No casualties to detachment. In obedience to instructions from the district commander to "scout the country thoroughly for lurking bands of hostile Indians and road agents," a number of parties were sent out from the different posts garrisoned by the regiment during the spring of 1879, but, except in two cases, without noteworthy result. Sergeant A. Cecil of Company A, with seven men, – part of a mounted detachment on a scout from Fort Logan in the direction of the Mussel Shell, – had a skirmish with a band of 8 hostile Sioux Indians, 17 April, near Careless Creek, killing the entire party. Lieutenant Kraus with a detachment of 18 men of Company A, while returning from Fort Benton from patrolling the Missouri River, having with him 9 horses which had been recaptured from the River Crows, was attacked while in camp on Eagle Creek, Mont., 4 May, about 11 o'clock P. M. Twelve horses and one mule belonging to the Government and 8 of the recaptured horses were stampeded and lost. Various military telegraph lines, connecting the different posts in the territory, were constructed by the regiment during the year. The retirement of Colonel Floyd-Jones, 20 March 1879, promoted Lieutenant-Colonel (Bvt. B. G.) L. P. Bradley, 9th Infantry, to the Third, and Lieutenant-Colonel Brooke of the Third to the 13th. General Bradley never joined, and on 14 June transferred with General Brooke, who remained colonel of the regiment and commanded it until he was promoted brigadier general 24 April 1888. In the spring of 1879, Company E left Fort Shaw and took station at Fort Ellis, where it was joined the following summer by Company C. These two companies remained at this post until its abandonment in the fall of z886, when they took station at Fort Custer. In the summer of 1880 Company K was sent to the new post of Fort Maginnis, and in 1881 Companies A and K were sent to Fort Shaw. During the summer and fall of 1882–83 two or more companies from Fort Shaw were kept in the field observing the Indians at the Blackfeet Agency and protecting the settlements from the incursions of hostile Indians from the north. Three companies were also sent out from Fort Missoula in the summer of 1883, to assist in arresting renegade Indians on the Flathead reservation. At the time of the threatened outbreak of the Crow Indians under "Sword Bearer," in the fall of 1887, Companies B and F were transferred from Fort Missoula to Fort Custer. Companies B and E were in line with other troops, during the skirmish at Crow Agency, 5 November, but were not actively engaged though exposed to fire. After the trouble subsided, Sword-Bearer having been killed, Companies B and F returned to Fort Missoula, C and E remaining at Fort Custer. Upon the promotion of General Brooke to be brigadier general U. S. A., 24 April 1888, Colonel (Bvt. B. G.) E. C. Mason was promoted to the regiment from lieutenant-colonel 4th Infantry, and, has commanded it since that time. In the spring of 1888 the headquarters and Companies A, D, E, H and K were transferred to Fort Snelling, Minn., and Companies B, C, F and I to Fort Meade, Dak., Company G going to Fort Sisseton, Dak., where it remained until that post was abandoned the following June, when it was sent to Fort Snelling. In common with other infantry regiments, Companies I. and K were skeletonized in August, 1890, and the enlisted men transferred to other companies. Company I was in the field at the time on the Cheyenne River watching hostile Indians. It was reorganized as an Indian company the following year at Fort Sully, S. D., where it remained until early in 1893, when it joined at Fort Snelling, where it was again skeletonized in October, 1894, the Indians being discharged. Companies C and F participated in the Sioux campaign of the winter of 1890–91, being in the field the entire winter as part of the battalion commanded by Colonel E. V. Sumner. Company C made a forced march while joining the battalion on the Cheyenne, of 67 miles in 50 hours and twenty minutes. Early in January, 1891, Companies H and B were sent to Fort Sully, S. D., while Sitting Bull's band of Indians were held there. In the following May they took station at Fort Snelling. Companies C and F were also sent to Fort Snelling this spring and the whole regiment (except the Indian company) was brought together there, where it has since remained. In the spring of 1892, Companies A and E proceeded to the Sisseton and Wahpeton reservation, where they remained about three weeks on duty in connection with the opening of that reservation to settlement. The regiment proceeded to Chicago, 18 October 1893, and participated in the military ceremonies connected with the dedication of the World's Fair buildings. Companies C and F having been specially selected, returned to Jackson Park on 8 June and remained on duty there with the War Department exhibit until the close of the fair. The next tour of detached service for a portion of the regiment was to Leech Lake, Minn. The Indian agent there having accidentally shot an Indian, they became very much excited, threatening to kill him, and closely besieging him in his house. Company D under Lieutenant McCoy left Fort Snelling and proceeded in haste to the point of trouble. After liberating the agent, and quieting the, Indians the company returned to its station 28 June. The regiment, or a large part of, it, encamped with the National Guard of Wisconsin in the summer of 1890 and 1891. In 1892 it took part in a practice march and field manoeuvres. And, in 1893 and 1894, encamped with the Minnesota National Guard. During the year, 1894 the regiment had considerable duty in connection with strikes. In April and May, Companies A, B, D and G, under Major Patterson, were on duty on the Great Northern R. R.; and in July, Companies C, E, and H, were called upon for service on the line of the Northern Pacific R. R. The last detached service for which the regiment has been called upon,* was one of humanity during the recent forest fires in northern Minnesota, when Company G, under Captain Hale, was sent to the desolated district with tents, etc., to assist in furnishing aid and shelter to the afflicted and homeless. Thus ends the chronicle of a century's service. Written in the fall of 1894. Note – The writer is under obligations to General J. H. Eaton, Colonel Daingerfield Parker, Colonel Richard I. Dodge, General O. L. Shepherd (who has since died.), and to Mr. F. W. Heitman, for much information used in the preparation of this sketch.