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This article is an orphan, as few or no other articles link to it. Please introduce links to this page from related articles; suggestions may be available. (July 2010) Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteers (青年海外協力隊, seinen kaigai kyōryokutai?) [1] is a system of dispatching Japanese volunteers overseas operated by JICA. The offers include wide range of fields as agriculture, forestry, fisheries, education, health, etc. and more than 120 types of businesses. More than 30000 volunteers have ever been dispatched to more than 80 countries in Asia, Middle East, Africa, Central and South America, the Caribbean, and Oceania. The recruitment is held on April to May, and October to November every year. Japanese citizens aged from 20 to 39 are eligible for the application. It is commonly known by the acronym "JOCV". Contents 1 Countries of Dispatch 2 Types of businesses 3 Recruitment Examination 3.1 First-stage Test 3.2 Second-stage Test 4 Dispatch with job tenure 5 Training before the dispatch 6 After dispatch to each countries 7 After termination of the term 8 Problems 8.1 Problems related to the dispatch 8.2 Domestic problems 9 See also 10 References 11 External links Countries of Dispatch Countries to be supplied are the followings: Region Countries of Dispatch Asia Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, People's Republic of China, Mongolia, Bhutan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Maldives, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan Middle East Syria, Yemen, and Jordan Africa Egypt, Tunisia, Morocco, Senegal, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Benin, Cameroun, Gabon, Niger, Sudan, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, Mozambique, Madagascar, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Botswana, Namibia, and South Africa The Caribbean Jamaica, Dominican Republic, Commonwealth of Dominica, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Central and South America Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Belize, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay, Uruguay[2], and Argentina Oceania Papua New Guinea, Palau, Federated States of Micronesia, Marshall Islands, Solomon Islands, Samoa, Kiribati, Vanuatu, Fiji, and Tonga Types of businesses The following types of businesses are applied for the volunteers. Division of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries edible crops, rice cropping, floriculture, vegetable cultivation, fruit cultivation, tissue culture, disease and insect damage control act, soil science, agricultural engineering, agricultural implement and machinery, cattle husbandry, apiculture, veterinary, forage crop, village development, food processing, agricultural and livestock products processing, milk product processing, ecology investigation, afforestation, fishery production, aquafarming, aquatic resources control Division of Processing ceramics, bamboo craftwork, woodwork, leather processing, sheet-metal processing, weld, coating, shipbuilding Division of Maintenance and Operation machine tooling, refrigerating and air conditioning, medical technology, electrical technology, electronics, wireless communication function, audio-video technology, telephone wiring, broadcast technology, construction machinery, auto mechanics Division of Civil Engineering and Construction civil engineering, construction, urban planning, surveying Division of Health medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, nursery, midwifery, health nursery, speech therapy, clinical examination, radiology, occupational therapy, physical therapy, dental hygiene, dental technique, social working, children's nursery, custodial care, prosthetics, acupuncture and massage, nutrition, public health, water examination, prevention of infectious disease, HIV/AIDS measures, sanitary engineering Division of Education and Culture marketing research, statistics, groundwater development, sociology, cultural anthropology, archaeology, librarian, computing profession, youth activity, cultural property protection, program officers, ecological education, tourism, audio-visual, education, beautician, housewifery, handicrafts, cuisine, clothing, sewn products manufacturing, music, computer instructor, ballet, visual art, design, administrative services, Japanese language teaching, science education, elementary education, infantile education, mathematics education Division of Sports physical training, gymnastics, athletic sports, rhythmic gymnastics, swimming, tennis, badminton, volleyball, basketball, softball, baseball, handball, soccer, judo, karate, aikido, kendo, sumo Recruitment Examination First-stage Test Documentary Elimination Applicants should choose a type of business and mark answers on the sheets for the type, which are downloaded from the JICA homepage. Applicants can specify countries to the 3rd choice on the application form, while there're no positive proofs that their hopes pass. Health Checks Applicants should get a checkup at a medical institution and submit the health report to JICA. Remarks If applicants chooses the type of 'Japanese language teaching', they should take a Web examination on the specified day. Second-stage Test Language Examination Applicants should take English and artificial language(fictitious) examinations. But applicants who have some English qualifications can exempts from the examinations. Interview Technical and personality interviews are held. For some types of businesses practical examinations or submissions of handiworks are required. Health Checks Doctor's questions and dental checkups are held. The health checkups on the first-stage test are self-pay. But if some applicants are directed to return to clinic by JICA, JICA will pick up the medical expenses. Even if one passes the required technical examination, he or she can sometimes be rejected, because his or her technical backgrounds might be judged not to match for any requests from the countries of any choices. Therefore, there are some cases of being hired after some repeated examinations. There are also some other cases of hiring applicants of low technical capabilities, or rejecting those of high technical capabilies. In terms of health check, the required medical standard is strict because serious health problems can occur in developing countries to even one who can live a healthy life in Japan. The required medical standard depends on what country they are dispatched to, because the medical levels vary from country to country. The second-stage test result has 3 status 'passed', 'rejected', and 'registered'. As previously explained, some of applicants with high technical capability and without matching for requests can be 'registered'. They can be promoted to be 'passed' when some successful applicants turn the requests down to leave a hole, or some countries make more requests out of the recruitment period. Dispatch with job tenure This is a system of dispatch of the volunteers overseas in keeping their own tenures in offices or as public officials. Whether to apply this system is not to be forced. If applicants who are employed in their offices are not going to leave, they should gain approval from the offices before their own applications. Failing of that can make them cancel to be dispatched or resign from their offices. In terms of officials in municipal organizations, the organizations require to accept this system. Applying this system, 80% of base salary for one employee as upper limit is covered by JICA while he or she is being dispatched overseas as the volunteer. Training before the dispatch If applicants passes the final-stage test, they will start to spend 65 days training as JOCV members in either of 2 training centers: one in Komagane City, Nagano Prefecture and another in Nihonmatsu City, Fukushima Prefecture. Which training center they are assigned to depends on what country they are going to be dispatched to. If they join JOCV after leaving their own offices, the period of unemployment benefit payments can be expanded of the day when they start training. Basic Trainings Radio Calisthenics and Hoisting of the National Flags in the Early Morning Before Lunch: Learning each languages of the countries where they are going to be dispatched to Afternoon: Lecture of country studies, cross-cultural understandings, health managements, and emergency procedures (vaccination times - once a week) Food costs and lodging expenses are free while training. As charges of courses, 50,000 yen for one month is also supplied. The trainers are allowed to go out of the training centers after evening of Mon-Sat and on Sunday, but staying out overnight is allowed only on Sat-Sun. The volunteers are divided into 4 groups by the timing of dispatch. 1st group members are dispatched on June, 2nd group on September, 3rd group on December, and 4th group on March. After dispatch to each countries They are dispatched for 2 years in principle and only 1 year is expandable. Living expenses, healthcare costs, and round-trip travel expenses are supplied from JICA. The living expenses supplied from JICA depend on prices of the country of dispatch and are fluid. They are dispatched without their own families. After termination of the term If the volunteer members have their own tenures in offices or are enrolled at colleges or universities, they return to their offices, colleges, or universities just after the flight back. In cases of joining JOCV just after graduating colleges or universities, or after leaving their offices and without job tenures, JICA provides them with career counseling services. Nevertheless, not so many Japanese private companies recognize their careers as JOCV members, thus it is not so easy for them to get their desired jobs. But some public offices or special governmental corporations tend to recognize the careers. Living in developing countries often makes them change in their senses of values or conceptions of lives, thus some get unadaptable to Japanese corporate cultures and the others take advantage of their new senses in international companies or organizations. If trying to join JOCV without a guarantee of employment, they should be mentally prepared to carve their own paths. Some people start working as volunteer-control workers, specialists, or contract workers of JICA. Problems Problems related to the dispatch Essentially JOCV should be operated under requests from governments of developing countries, and aim to provide contributions in personnel. Nonetheless, the volunteers are sometimes dispatched as assistance projects in JICA's regional offices. In that case, they are often faced with disagreements among government officials , regional officials, and headquarters officials of JICA. So they have often difficulty getting along with them. On the other hand, they are often unable to do their good enough jobs and sometimes complain about their activities to shorten their terms, because of inefficient acceptance or handover mechanisms, which are very common in developing countries. Consequently, JOCV members are expected to be flexible enough to work around unexpected circumstances. Domestic problems While some people who possess high knowledge and skills are dispatched for 2 years, their offices make vacancies, thus many companies or offices are not cooperative to let their employees join JOCV. However, the returned JOCV members can assist foreign students or apprentices and make connections with the countries of dispatch, which is also expected to help to promote international exchanges. See also Japan International Cooperation Agency References ^ http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/oda/white/2007/ODA2007/html/column/cl01001.htm JOCV activities ^ Now the dispatch of JOCV member to Uruguay is suspended, but that of Senior Overseas Volunteers(aged from 40 to 69) is in operation. 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