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Khalid Mahmud Arif Born 1930 (age 79–80) A historical photo of General K. M. Arif with other high military officials of Pakistan Army. Nickname General K.M. Arif Allegiance  Pakistan Service/branch  Pakistan Army Years of service 1949–1987 Rank General Service number PA–3107 Unit Armoured Corps Commands held Chief of General Staff (COS) Vice Chief of Army Staff (VCOAS) GOC 111th Infantry Brigade Col.Comdnt. of X Corps Battles/wars Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 Indo-Pakistan War of 1971 Awards Sitara-e-Basalat Nishan-e-Imtiaz (Military) General Khalid Mahmud Arif (usually shortened to General K.M. Arif), NI(M), SBt, (born 1930), SBt, NI(M), a retired and a former Vice Chief of Army Staff of the Pakistan Army who worked under the Chief of Army Staff and President General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq. A 4 star rank general, he was a close General Zia associate and worked as his adviser in the capacity of Chief of Staff (COS) from 1977 to 1984. General Zia's next COS was lieutenant general Syed Refaqat who stayed till General Zia's death in the 1988 plane crash. In March 1984, Arif was promoted to 4 star general and was made the Vice Chief of Army Staff in place of General Sawar Khan who was due for retirement. He held on to this post for three years, after which he was himself replaced by General Mirza Aslam Beg in March 1987. Contents 1 Prisoner of War 2 Military career 3 Invovment in 1977 Coup d etate 3.1 Post Retirement 4 References // Prisoner of War Arif was a refugee from eastern Punjab who immigrated to Pakistan after independence. He is the author of much famed book Khaki Shadows.[1] Military career Arif was born in 1930 in eastern Punjab. Arif joined the Pakistan Army in 1949 as a lieutenant, after passing the Army exam, and was inducted in the Army Armoured Corps in 1948. In 1950, Arif was trained and graduated from the United States Army Armor School, Fort Knox.[2] Arif actively participated in the 1965 September war and 1971 Winter war, earning a decoration in the former East-Pakistan. For his honorary services, he was awarded the Nishan-i-Imtiaz (Military) and the Sitara-i-Basalat. In 1974, as Brigadier-General, Arif held a very powerful position in Army's GHQ (Generals Headquarter). As a four-star general and Vice Chief of Army Staff, Arif was the de facto Commander of the Pakistan Defense Forces until his retirement in 1987. According to the dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan, General Arif was an uptight and strict army officer who was directly and indirectly involved in the nuclear weapon development. General K.M. Arif was also responsible for the security of the Pakistani nuclear scientists and the nuclear facilities. Arif oversaw the secret testing of nuclear weapons throughout his career, and developed cordial relationships with dr. A. Q. Khan. General Arif was one of the high-ranking officer who eye-witnessed the first cold test of a nuclear device in Kirana Hills in 1983. Invovment in 1977 Coup d etate According to Lieutenant General F.A. Chishti, the former Colonel Commandant of Ralwalpindi-based X Corps who helped General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq to overthrow the democratic government of Prime minister Zulfikar A. Bhutto in 1977 military coup; Lieutenant-General Chisti had said: "General Zia was lucky to have Major General Arif as his life long confidante. He had experience as a Martial Law Officer during General's Yahya's regime and handled matters efficiently."[3] Post Retirement Currently, he is Chairman of the Pakistan Security and Development Association, a non-government and autonomous research body. He is also a prolific writer, contributing articles to national newspapers, and is well known for his first book Working with Zia, published by Oxford University Press, and for his anthologies of Urdu poetry. References ^ Pakistan under Zia, 1977-1988 By Shahid Javed Burki Asian Survey, Vol. 28, No. 10 (Oct., 1988), pp. 1082-1100 ^ Mian, Dr. Zia (2009). South Asian cultures of the bomb: atomic publics and the state in India and Pakistan. Bloomington, Indiana, United States: Indiana University Press. pp. 27. ISBN 9780253220325. http://books.google.com/books?id=1h03WJXaxwkC&pg=PA27&lpg=PA27&dq=general+k+m+arif&source=bl&ots=Pn4dOQdXeq&sig=seO4e4cY8xrNESeiRVlDUlej1uU&hl=en&ei=P7KNTOKLMI28sQOmsPXHBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CC8Q6AEwCDgK#v=onepage&q=general%20k%20m%20arif&f=false.  ^ Shahid Javed Burki. "Pakistan: Fifty Years of Nationhood (Westview Publishers, 1999)" Military offices Preceded by Sawar Khan Vice Chief of Army Staff 1984 – 1987 Succeeded by Mirza Aslam Beg v • d • e The Regime of Zia-ul-Haq Domestic initiatives Ascent by coup · Islamization · Trial of Bhutto · '80s economic boom · Rahimuddin's governorship of Balochistan · Eighth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan · Nuclear program consolidation · Ojhri Camp disaster · Assassination of Zia · 1988 elections Administration Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq · Muhammad Khan Junejo · Ghulam Ishaq Khan · Mirza Aslam Beg · Akhtar Abdur Rahman · Hamid Gul · Sahabzada Yaqub Khan · Khalid Mahmud Arif · Sharifuddin Pirzada · Nawaz Sharif · Mahbub ul Haq National parties Allies Pakistan Muslim League · Jamaat-e-Islami · Mohajir Qaumi Movement Opposition Pakistan Peoples Party · Al-Zulfiqar · Movement for Restoration of Democracy Platform successors Pakistan Muslim League (N) · Pakistan Muslim League (Q)  · Pakistan Muslim League (Z) · Islami Jamhoori Ittehad now defunct Foreign front Involvement in events Soviet war in Afghanistan · Subsidization of mujahideen · Siachen conflict · Indian allegations of aiding Khalistan · Refusal to sign Non-Proliferation Treaty · Geneva Accords signing · Theories of external involvement in Zia crash Aligned entities United States · Carter administration · Reagan Administration · Central Intelligence Agency  · United Kingdom  · Thatcher government  · Saudi Arabia · People's Republic of China · Afghan mujahideen Disputers Republic of Afghanistan · People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan · KHAD · India · Soviet Union · Amnesty International Persondata Name Arif, Khalid Mahmud Alternative names Short description Date of birth 1930 Place of birth Date of death Place of death